About This list
As with my other lists, this one will attempt to be brief in order to maintain a reasonable length, while yet including as much information as practical. Of course, for more details it will be necessary to refer to other texts and journals etc. Each currently valid species listed will begin with the Latin species name in large letters, followed by the publishing botanist/author and the publishing date. The subgenus will be given here if it is known. Subgenus Dudleya would occur so often that it will be omitted, and only the other two subgenera will be displayed at this point. (Thus a missing subgenus entry here is to be taken as meaning that subgenus Dudleya applies).
To make the list more useful, old names that are no longer valid may be included here in the main list as synonyms; but to make it clear that they are no longer active these names will be shown only in small letters. Next a few sentences will give several facts about each plant. This includes such things as native range of each species. This will be shown only as to a general region of a country in order to keep it brief, and rarely an exact habitat location may be provided. Other facts are flower colour, chromosome counts and any such other things regarded by me as important enough to include. No attempt is made here to include a full botanical description as that would make the list far too long, and too few people will need these data. For those who do need full descriptions please refer to the 2003 Lexicon, volume on Crassulaceae. This is around a $120 volume new, so most people may try to access it from libraries. It has small color photos of some species.
The final entries will be a list of the complete nomenclature history as found in the new Lexicon. For older names that are no longer valid these entries will begin with just the “=” sign, and will end with “obs.” (meaning “obsolete”). In botany these old names are called synonyms. For the currently valid name an asterisk “*” will appear before the genus name of the Latin binomial, and the entire entry will end with the word “currently”. The plus sign “+” precedes names for subspecies.
Certain names occur so often that abbreviations are used. They are as follows. “D” will refer to genus “Dudleya”. “C” will mean genus “Cotyledon”. “E” will mean genus “Echeveria”. “H” will mean genus “Hasseanthus”. “S” will mean genus Stylophyllum. For genus Sedum this name will usually be spelled out in full. “B&R” refers to botanists Britton & Rose who began the most complete work on the New World species in 1903.
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Species Listings
ABRAMSII (Rose, 1903), valid species 1995, adequate data available, the name honors Leroy Abrams, its discoverer in 1903. Range includes Laguna Mts. of San Diego County, Sierra Jacinto Mts. of Riverside county of SW Calif., USA; plus Sierra Juaraz & Sierra San Pedro Martir Mts. in Baja Norte state of Mexico; grows at 750 to 1750 meters elev. D. abramsii is a central species to some ssp. listed with the +sign below. Type species: plants solitary or in clusters of 20 or more heads, leaves glaucous, floral stems 1 to 10 inches, flowers in small clusters 2 to 10, max 20; petals pale yellow, often with red striations, April to June. n=17. References: Madrono, 1987, p.346; Munz Calif. Flora, 1968, p. 724; Jepson Manual, 1993, p. 527 (Madrono, Munz, & Jepson are all publications of the Univ. Calif. Press), and in the 1993 Thomson book see p. 44.
=Cotyledon abramsii (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=Echeveria abramsii (Berger, 1930), obs.
*D. abramsii [Rose, 1903], current.
+ssp. affinis (Nakai, 1981), current.
=D. affinis (Thomson, 1993), obs.
=D. baldwinensis (Thomson, 1993), obs.
+ssp. parva (Bartel, 1991), current.
=D. parva (Rose & Davidson, 1923), obs.
+ssp. bettinae (Hoover, 1987), current.
=D. bettinae (Thomson, 1993), obs.
+ssp. calcicola (Bartel & Shevock, 1983), [becomes a full species (1987 &) in 2003 Lexicon: see alphabetical listing below].
+ssp. murina (Moran, 1957), current.
=D. murina (Eastwood, 1930), obs.
+ssp. abramsii (Rose, 1903), current.
=D. tenuis (Rose, 1903), obs.
=C. tenuis (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. tenuis (Berger, 1930), obs.
Dudleya abramsii ssp. murina, Santa Barbara botanical Garden, CA, USA (photo Michael Wisnev)
Dudleya abramsii ssp. murina, CA, USA (photo Michael Wisnev)
Dudleya abramsii ssp. parva, McCrea Open Area in Thousand Oaks in summer (photo Michael Wisnev)
Dudleya abramsii ssp. affinis north of Big Bear Lake, probably 6000 feet alt. which means covered with snow all winter ! (photo Michael Wisnev)
Dudleya abramsii ssp. parva in winter (photos Michael Wisnev)
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ACUMINATA (Rose, 1903) Valid species, 1996; data incomplete; range: 4 small spots in Baja Norte state of Mexico, one of these on Cedros island. n=17, yellow fl. Apr. & May, rosettes usually solitary. Moran mentions this species on p.134 of CSSA Journal of May, 1981; also see p. 46 in Thomson. The name comes from the Latin word acumina meaning “pointed” in reference to leaf tips. Little other data available.
*D. acuminata (Rose, 1903), current.
=C. acuminata (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. acuminata (Berger, 1930, obs.
=D. brandegeei (Rose, 1903), obs.
=C. brandegeei (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. brandegeei (Berger, 1930), obs.
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affinis [Nakai, 1987] Data adequate, now just a ssp., for full data check species abramsii listing above. No older names, range: Found just in Green Canyon in San Bernardino Mts. in 4x17 miles range, published by K. M. Nakai in Madroño, p. 349, also see p. 527 Jepson Manual with line drawing p. 529; flowers pale yellow, April & May, rosettes usually solitary, n=17, leaves glaucous, also see p. 46 in Thomson; small but excellent line drawing on p. 529 of Jepson Manual, and BW photos on p. 343, fig. 4a and 4b in Madroño. The Latin word affini means “allied” or “related”.
=D. abramsii (Nakai, 1987), obs.
=*D. abramsii ssp. affinis (Bartel, 1993), current.
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agourensis (Nakai, 1987) Data adequate but confusing, now called ssp. ovatifolia of species cymosa. For full data check species cymosa below in this list. This name refers to its habitat location of Agoura Hills, a village just north of Los Angeles. For some time various botanists disagreed over the status of this odd plant, resulting in several name changes over the years. Thus its listing is a bit different in at least 4 publications. These are (a) the manual “A Calif. Flora” by Munz & Keck, 1959, updated by Munz in 1968, a publication of the Univ. of Calif. Press, see p. 720, (b) the “Jepson Journal, with the section on Dudleyas by Jim Bartel p. 525 and dated 1993, also of the Univ. of Calif. Press, and (c) the journal “Madrono”, 1987, p. 334 & 342 by Kei M. Nakai and also of the Univ. of Calif. Press, and (d) the 1993 book on genus Dudleya by an amateur, Paul Thomson.
Rosette leaves green, glabrous, ovate to elliptic, 6 to 10, shining, acute, 2 to 5 cm long by 1½ to 2½ cm, flowering stems 4 to 15 cm high with short lvs., n-17, leaves 6 to 10, 2 to 5 cm by 1½ to 2½ cm, obl. to ellip., stem branches few (rosettes usually solitary), infl. peduncle 4 to 15 cm, petals bright yellow, rarely orange or red marked, rare in nature. BW photo of agourensis fig. 2a & 2b on p. 343 of Madroño.
=D. ovatifolia (Britton, 1903), obs.
=C. ovatifolia (Fedde. 1904), obs.
=E. ovatifolia (Berger, 1930), obs.
=D. cymosa ssp. agourensis (Nakai, 1988), obs.
=D. agourensis (Thomson, 1993), obs.
=*D. cymosa ssp. ovatifolia (Moran, 1957), current.
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albida (Thomson, 1993) Data adequate. Read the new concept of species D. virens on p.6 of Haseltonia #3 (1995). Thomson in his Dudleya book of 1993 had revived this name, but his work is now invalid. See p. 48 in Thomson. The Latin word albida means white & is used here in reference to the farinose leaves.
=C. albida (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. albida (Berger, 1930), obs.
=D. albida (Thomson, 1993), obs
=S. virens (Rose, 1903), obs.
=*D. virens (Moran, 1943), current.
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ALBIFLORA (Rose, 1903) Range: Beach areas Magdalena Bay of Baja Sur and on several nearby islands; this is a variable polyploid species with the basic chromosome count possibly n=85 (which is 5-ploid); other counts seen are n=68, n=51 & n=34 (the n=51 & n=68 forms were once called D. moranii, but this is obsolete). The n=34 form looks so different it was considered to be published as “D. partida” as it is found on islands of Isla Partida & Isla Espiritu Santo. The flowers of all are in shades of white, thus the Latin name; blooms Apr. & May, p. 48 in Thomson. Moran said this species is a low plant with clustered rosettes of often subterete leaves, in early spring bearing spreading to erect pure white flowers.
=*D. albiflora (Rose, 1903), current.
=C. albiflora (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. albiflora (Berger, 1930), obs.
=D. moranii (Johansen, 1932), obs.
Dudleya albiflora, Huntington Botanical Garden, CA, USA (Photo Michael Wisnev)
Dudleya albiflora, Santa Barbara Botanical Garden, CA, USA (Photo Michael Wisnev)
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alisonensis (Thomson, 1993) Questionable species name; Mr. Thomson’s data range: Aliso Canyon, just S. of Laguna Beach, n=68, flower color orange to burnt orange blooming in Apr. & May, plants form loose clusters by underground stolons, leaves green, but with differing shadings, plants said to be easy & long living in culture, p. 190 in Thomson’s book.
=D. alisonensis [Thomson, 1993], obs.
= *D. stolonifera (Moran, 1950), current.
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aloides (Rose, 1903; Moran, 1957) Valid ssp. 1996; data adequate; for full data check under species saxosa, range: SE Calif. in 100x200 mile area in mts. of San Diego County and the desert mts. of San Bernardino County, and slopes of San Jacinto & Laguna Mts.; leaves variably glaucous, n=17, 34, blooms April to June, flower color yellows, oranges to reds, even greens; a variable species, some very attractive forms. Line drawing p. 533 of Jepson Manual, description p. 724 Munz and p. 533 of Jepson, p. 49 in Thomson; common name “Banner Dudleya”, the Latin species name refers to a supposed resemblance of the plant to an aloe plant, but the aloes are a totally unrelated African genus.
=D. aloides (Rose, 1903), obs. [combined into saxosa by Moran].
=D. grandiflora (Rose, 1903), obs. “
=D. delicata (Rose, 1903) “
=C. aloides (Fedde, 1904) “
=C. grandiflora (Fedde, 1904) “
=C. delicata (Fedde, 1904), obs. “
=E. grandiflora (Berger, 1930), obs. “
=E. delicata (Berger, 1930), obs. “
=E. aloides (Berger, 1930), obs. “
=D. lanceolata var. aloides (Munz, 1935), obs. “
=E. lanceolata var. composta (Jepson, 1936), obs.“
=D. alainae (Reiser, 1984), obs.
=D. tegelbergii (Thomson, 1993), obs
=*D. saxosa ssp. aloides (Moran, 1957), current.
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angustifolia (Rose, 1903) This name was combined into D. cymosa (see #2 on p. 722 of Munz Calif. Flora, 1968). Its range is within the area of D. cymosa complex, but its relationship to this was not clear. Thomson decided to revive it as a full species, later downgraded. His data are from an oval range 40x70 miles in southern Sierra Nevada foothills east of Bakersfield, Calif. USA to about 75 miles N of Los Angeles. n=17, growing around rock outcroppings above 1000 ft. elev., name means “having narrow flowers”, blooms May to July, flower color (not mentioned). See p. 50 in Thomson. The species name means “narrow leafed”.
=D. angustifolia (Rose, 1903), obs.
=C. angustifolia (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. angustifolia (Berger, 1930), obs.
=*D. cymosa ssp. cymosa (Lemaire, 1858; ), current.
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ANOMALA (Subgenus Stylophyllum) [Davidson, 1928] Range: Baja Norte state of Mexico on Coronado and Todos los Santos Islands, and rarely at Pico Banda, always growing on north facing cliffs, leaves green, sticky and fragrant. Flowers typical for subgenus Stylophyllum, white, sometimes showing red spots. Prof. Uhl tested for chromosome count in 1951 and found it hexaploid at n=51, and some at n=102, this species may be closely related to the new D. campanulata described by Moran in CSSA Journ. of Jan. 1978 on p. 20 and he mentions seeing them growing together. They differ in leaf color and D. anomola is a bit smaller. This species is good for pot culture. The Latin anomola means “irregular or abnormal”. (this sp. is not mentioned in Jepson Manual, Madroño or Munz flora as it is not found within Calif.) See p.52 of Thomson. Note: the sticky and fragrant leaves are a characteristic shared by D. viscida and these two are probably closely related.
=S. anomalum (Davidson, 1928), obs.
=S. coronatum (Fröderström, 1936), obs.
=S. insulare (Fröderström, 1936), obs.
=*D. anomala [Moran, 1943], current.
Dudleya anomala, Huntington Botanical Garden, CA, USA (Photo Michael Wisnev)
Dudleya anomala, Santa Barbara Botanical Garden, CA, USA (Photo Michael Wisnev)
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ANTHONYI (Rose, 1903) Range: Baja Norte state of Mexico along 40 miles of coast starting just SW of San Quintin and on south. Rosettes usually solitary with long stems full of dead leaves below rosette, n=17, red flowers in June & July, a taller form (2 ft.) is found in part of range, plants self-seed freely, easy to grow in pots. See p.52 in Thomson. Note: Moran mentions this species on p.192 & 193 of CSSA Journ. of Sept. 1987 in an article on D. rigida. He said here that D. anthonyi is related to D. pulverulenta and it has pendant flowers for hummingbird pollination.
=*D. anthonyi (Rose, 1903), current.
=C. anthonyi (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. anthonyi (Berger, 1930), obs.
=D. pulverulenta ssp. anthonyi (Moran, 1951), obs.
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D. anthonyi X D. cultrate, a natural hybrid.
Said to be found in overlap area of the parent species ranges, see p. 207 of Thomson.
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arizonica (Rose, 1923) Range: About 300 x 500 miles of desert lands starting near San Diego & east into W. Ariz., a bit into S. Nev. , south into NW Sonora state of Mexico and perhaps into Baja Norte, growing at various altitudes; n=17, flowers red to orange, May to July (varies by altitude). A pretty plant but short living in cultivation, this ssp. is said to be a smaller version of the huge central species D. pulverulenta. See p. 725 in Munz Flora, p. 530 in Jepson Manual and p. 53 in Thomson. Latin species name recognizes range of this ssp., extends as far to the east as parts of the state of Arizona.
=D. arizonica (Rose, 1923), obs.
=E. pulverulenta ssp. arizonica (Clokey, 1931), obs.
=E. arizonica (Kearney & Peebles, 1939), obs.
=D. pulverulenta var. arizonica (Welsh, 1987), obs.
=E. lagunensis (Munz,1932), obs.
=D. lagunensis (Walther, 1932), obs.
=*D. pulverulenta ssp. arizonica (Moran, 1943), current.
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ATTENUATA (Subgenus Stylophyllum) [Watson, 1887; Moran, 1945?] Range: NW Baja Norte state of Mexico and rarely into nearby Calif., USA in a range from San Quintin south for 100 miles and 25 to 30 miles inland. Chromosome counts: n=17 & 34. Typical Stylophyllum white flowers (Sedum-like), May to June, leaf color varies from greenish-white to green with red tips, soon forms large clumps of rosettes, Latin name means “thin or weak” in ref. to short leaves, plants attractive, easy & popular in pots. Prof. Moran compares this species to D. edulis in CSSA Journ. of Jan. 1992 on p. 23. For brief descriptions see p. 527 in Jepson Manual, p. 725 in Munz Calif. Flora & p. 54 in Thomson.
=C. attenuata (Watson, 1887), obs.
=E. attenuata (Purpus, 1899), obs.
=S. attenuatum (B&R, 1903), obs.
=C. edulis var. attenuata (Jepson, 1936), obs.
+ssp.orcuttii (Moran, 1943), current.
=S. orcuttii (Rose, 1903), obs.
=C. orcuttii (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=D. orcuttii (Thomson, 1993), obs.
=S. parishii (Britton, 1903), obs.
=C. parishii (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. palensis (Berger, 1930), obs.
+ssp. australis (Moran, 2002), current. [Subspecies Nova, Published in Haseltonia #8].
+ssp. attenuata (Thiede, 1943), current.
=ssp. typica (Moran, 1943), obs.
Dudleya attenuata at Puerto Nuevo, Municipio de Rosarito, Baja California, Mexico (photo bi Patricia Mundo)
Dudleya attenuata spp. orcuttii, Santa Barbara Botanical Garden, CA, USA (Photo Michael Wisnev)
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baldwinensis (Thomson, 1993) Thompson’s data on this “species”: Range a 2 x 3 mile area just north of tiny Lake Baldwin, about 30 miles of city of San Bernardino, Calif. USA at an elev. of 6,500 to 7,000 ft., n=17. Thomson claims this is probably the smallest species of the entire genus. Leaves brownish, survives winters down to 0° F. in its habitat, but wet winters of 1990 killed most of the plants in habitat. Flowers greenish yellow in late May & June. Rosettes usually solitary, has short life in pots. See p. 191 in Thomson’s book: he made it sound so mysterious and unique, but Thiede in the 2003 Lexicon presents it merely as we see below. The actual range is probably much larger than Thomson thought, and his plants were merely stressed near this lake.
=D. baldwinensis [Thomson, 1993], obs.
=*D. abramsii ssp. affinis (Nakai,1988; Thiede, 2003), current.
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bernardiana (Britton, 1903) See Munz Calif. Flora on p. 723 (see under “ssp. minor”). Range: From San Bernardino Mts. (thus the Latin name) in a 15 x 40 miles area just NW of city of San Bernardino, Calif. USA, n=17, flowers yellow to bright orange in May to June, said to be of easy culture in pots or in outdoor borders where climate permits. Thomson book on p. 56.
=D. bernardiana (Britton, 1903), obs.
=C. bernardiana (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. bernardiana (Berger, 1930), obs.
=*D. cymosa ssp. pumila [Lemaire, 1858; Nakai,1988], current.
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bettinae (Bartel, 1991) Range: In spots, each about 4 miles across, near coast of central Calif., USA, one area is 8 miles NW of San Luis Obispo & other is about 25 miles away, near coast at Cayucos growing on serpentine volcanic soils. This is a clumping species sometimes with as many as 100 heads, blooms in May & June with pink flowers, now listed as “rare”. The Latin name refers to Betty Hoover, wife or Robert F. Hoover who published some Dudleyas, including this one for his wife; he mentioned that she aided him greatly. The common name is given as “Betty’s Liveforever”, or the “San Luis Obispo Serpentine Dudleya”. Brief description on p. 527 of Jepson Manual. See p. 56 of Thomson.
=D. bettinae (Hoover, 1965), obs.
=*D. abramsii ssp. bettinae (Rose, 1903; Bartel, 1991), current.
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bicolor (Thomson, 1993) Following data is from Thomson: Range: from a small range in central southern Calif., USA near San Bernardino at point where US #15 meets state route #138, some 25 miles NW of city. It grows at base of rocks in small clumps in full sun. Leaves brownish, flowers amber to orange, late May to June. Forms small clumps, n=? See p. 192 in Thomson. This Latin name means “having two colors”. After study by professional botanists this “species” was found to be just one form of a highly variable common species of that area.
=D. bicolor (Thomson, 1993), obs.
=*D. lanceolata (Nuttall, 1840; B&R, 1903), current.
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BLOCHMANIAE (Subgenus Hasseanthus) (Eastwood, 1896; Moran, 1953) Range: Coast of central Calif. USA from about San Simeon south to Mexico, then on south for 40 miles of coast of Baja Norte state of Mexico & up to 50 miles inland at south of range. Basic chromosome count n=17, but cytological form with n=51 sometimes encountered, but looks no different; another form with n=34 looks only slightly different. This species has oval root corms 1/3 inch to 1 inch long & plants disappear into these corms shortly after seed set and remains so for 9 to 10 months. Usually has 4 to 12 leaves, 1 to 2 inches long, yellow-green in color. Flowers: 1 to 3, sometimes more, white with pink keel, musky-sweet odor, April to June. For detailed description and pictures refer to journal Desert Plant Life issue of vol. 17, May 25, 1945. *Note: spelled “blochmaniae” in Jepson Manual and spelled “blochmanae” in Munz Calif. Flora (Jepson is correct). See descriptions on p. 527 in Jepson Manual and on p. 726 in Munz Calif. Flora, p. 184 of Thomson and even p. 67 of the Clausen 1975 N. Amer. Sedum book. Note: Do not confuse D. virens ssp. insularis with D. blochmaniae ssp. insularis. Name blochmaniae honors Ida M. Blochman who is listed as discovering this plant in May of 1896 along with Miss Alice Eastwood who published it.
=Sedum blochmaniae (Eastwood, 1896), obs.
=H. blochmaniae (Rose, 1903), obs.
=H. variegatus var.blochmaniae (Jepson, 1925), obs.
=D.* blochmaniae (Moran, 1953), current.
+ssp. blochmaniae (Moran, 1945), current.
=H. kessleri (Davidson, 1923), obs.
=Sedum gertrudianum (Eastwood, 1931), obs.
+ssp. brevifolia (Moran, 1953), current.
=H. blochmaniae ssp. brevifolia (Moran, 1950), obs.
=D. brevifolia (Moran, 1975), obs.
=H. brevifolius (Thomson, 1993), obs.
+ssp. insularis (Moran, 1953), current.
=H. blochmaniae ssp. insularis (Moran, 1950), obs.
=H. insularis (Thomson, 1993), obs.
Dudleya blochmaniae ssp. blochmaniae in summer (photos Michael Wisnev)
Dudleya blochmaniae ssp. blochmaniae in winter (photos Michael Wisnev)
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BREVIPES (Rose, 1903). Range: Calmalli, in W. Cent. Baja. Mexico. Multiple small rosettes on stalk, leaves lanceolate to strap shaped, 8-10 cm long by 10-18 mm wide, not glaucous, a bit shiny, flower stalk to 30 cm tall with branched inflorescence, flower pedicels 3-4 mm, sepals a bit glaucous, petals of corolla “reddish yellow” tips acute. n=? First collected by Orcutt, Apr. 1903 as his #125. In winter of 2000 the Globetrotters took photos of a plant they believe could be this species at a location “Pozo Aleman” some 20km east of El Arco near west end of state borders of the 2 Baja states in very dry country. This may be near the Calmalli location of Orcutt. Note: In publication in the Bulletin of the NY Bot. Garden of 1903 Rose strangely used the name of breviceps on the title, but brevipes on the description, a possible error on his part.
=*D. brevipes (Rose, 1903), current.
=E. brevipes (Berger, 1930), obs.
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BRITTONII (Johansen, 1933) Range: From Baja Norte state of Mexico in small range on Pacific coast, range starts 40 miles south of Tijuana and goes for 18 miles south and up to 10 miles inland near La Mision. This may be the best known species of the genus as it is a favorite for succulent enthusiasts because it makes such spectacular and beautiful pot specimens. It forms huge, solitary rosettes of unusual perfection & is of easy culture. The leaves are usually pure white, but may be plain green in one form. Named to honor N. L. Britton of the team of Britton & Rose, turn of the century botanists of cacti & succulents. A form with pure green leaves grows in same range. D. brittonii blooms with pale yellow flowers in late Apr. to June; n=17. For references see photos in CSSA Journal of these 2 dates: Mar. 1978, p. 82, & Mar. 1995, p. 87; description on p. 57 of Thomson. Many natural hybrids form wherever this species grows near some other species. Most are listed below. (This is not the only Dudeya species with both green & white forms growing together but not mixing, thus the colors remain in wild populations. D. farinosa is another sp. with this dual nature).
=*D. brittonii (Johansen, 1933), current.
=D. candida ssp. brittoni (Moran, 1951), obs.
=D. viridis (Thomson, 1993), obs. [p. 202 of Thomson book for data on the all green leaf form].
Dudleya brittonii at Huntington Botanical Garden (photo by Michael Wisnev)
Dudleya brittonii at South Coast Botanical Garden (photo Michael Wisnev)
Dudleya brittonii at Puerto Nuevo, Municipio de Rosarito, Baja California, Mexico (photo bi Patricia Mundo)
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D. brittonii x D. edulis, a natural hybrid.
This hybrid sometimes found near La Mision in Baja Norte state of Mexico in overlap area of the parent species ranges. See p. 207 in Thomson’s book.
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D. brittonii x D. formosa, a natural hybrid.
This hybrid sometimes found in overlap area of the parent species ranges; p. 207 in Thomson.
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D. brittonii x D. orcuttii, a natural hybrid.
This hybrid sometimes found in overlap area of the parent species ranges; p. 207 in Thomson. Note: This is probably the plant published as “D. semiteres” in 1903 by Britton and discussed in the journal Desert Plant Life issue of April, 1952, page 31.
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D. brittonii x D. semiteres, a natural hybrid.
This hybrid sometimes found in overlap area of the parent species ranges; p. 208 in Thomson. Note: Since “D. semiteres” has been recognized already as a hybrid itself, this listing seems meaningless. See in Desert Plant Life of April, 1952 on p. 31 where Reid Moran published D. semiteres under a status novus to indicate it is a hybrid.
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D. brittonii x D. viridis, a natural hybrid.
This hybrid sometimes found in overlap area of the parent spepcies ranges; p. 207 in Thomson.
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bryceae (Britton, 1903), published as a full species in the Bulletin of NY Botanical Garden. 1903. III: 17-18 for a plant sent to NY Bot. Gard. in 1902 by Mary T. Bryce and probably collected in Coronado Islands. It is no more than a form of D. candida at best, thus it was downgraded.
=D. bryceae (Britton, 1903), obs.
=C. bryceae (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. bryceae (Berger, 1930), obs.
=*D. candida (Britton, 1903), current.
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CAESPITOSA (Haworth,1803; B&R, 1903) Range: Central cost of Calif. USA, ranging 250 miles long by no more than10 miles inland (from about Monterey and south to Morro Bay), growing mainly on cliffs facing the ocean. [This species is similar to D. farinosa found just north up the coast.] D. caespitosa clusters with more heads than does D. farinosa (20 to 100 & even more in cultivation); the Latin name comes from caespi which means “sod or turf” in which these plants may grow at times. Rosettes usually white farinose. Lemon yellow flowers May to June. Cytologically the chromosome count is complex, varying much over the range: The common chromosome count is n=51, but others can be found with n=17, n=34, n=68, & even n=85! Descriptions on p. 724 in Munz Calif. Flora and p.527 in Jepson Manual & on p. 58 in Thomson. Note: both this species & D. farinosa occupy huge ranges just above the beach growing on the cliffs facing the sea. They are highly visible and attractive; and well known since humans have lived in Calif. The result has been a long list of early names. These had to change as the genus was often changed, and also many early names listed it as supposed different species. Study proved most of these “species” were not justified, so they continued to be combined, finally ending up as just one valid species for each of these two principal coastal species. The early British botanist Haworth made a voyage to San Diego & up the coast in 1800, so he was able to personally provide the first scientific name for some of them.
=C. caespitosa (Haworth, 1803), obs.
=E. caespitosa (De Candolle, 1828), obs.
=C. linguiformis (Brown, 1811), obs.
=Sedum cotyledon (Jacquin, 1811), obs.
=D. cotyledon (B&R, 1903), obs.
=E. cotyledon (Nelson & Macbride, 1913), obs.
=C. reflexa (Willdenow, 1814), obs.
=E. reflexa (Berger, 1930), obs.
=E. laxa (Lindley, 1849), obs.
=C. laxa (Brewer & Watson, 1876), obs.
=D. laxa B&R, 1903), obs.
=C. californica (Baker, 1869), obs.
=E. californica (Baker, 1869), obs.
=C. lingula (Watson, 1879), obs.
=D. lingula (B&R, 1903), obs.
=E. lingula (Nelson & Macbride, 1913), obs.
=D. helleri (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. helleri (Berger, 1930), obs.
=*D. caespitosa (B&R, 1903), current.
Dudleya caespitosa, Huntington Botanical Garden, CA, USA (Photo Michael Wisnev)
Dudleya caespitosa, Santa Barbara Botanical Garden, CA, USA (Photo Michael Wisnev)
Dudleya caespitosa, CA, USA (Photo Michael Wisnev)
Dudleya caespitosa, at Lucia, CA, USA (Photo Michael Wisnev)
Dudleya caespitosa, near Marina, CA, USA (Photo Michael Wisnev)
Dudleya caespitosa, near Rocky Creek Bridge, CA, USA (Photo Michael Wisnev)
Dudleya caespitosa, near Rocky Point, CA, USA (Photo Michael Wisnev)
Dudleya caespitosa, Willow Creek, CA, USA (Photo Michael Wisnev)
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CALCICOLA [Bartel & Shevock, 1983.] Range: Central Calif. USA east of Bakersfield in 5 small areas near Lake Isabella in Kern county, the largest area is 10x15 miles. Grows over limestone: the name “calcicola” is Latin for “limestone dweller”. Yellow flowers in May & June; each petal has a brighter yell. mid-rib. Common name “Limestone Dudleya”; species now listed as “uncommon”, n=17. This species is located inland and so close to D. cymosa that some thought may be its relative. Botanist K. M. Nakai made the combination with D. abramsii in 1987 in Madroño on p. 347, but Moran may not have agreed fully as in 1993 Jepson Manual he listed it as a full species, but with a note that it had been combined at bottom of p. 527, and the 2003 Lexicon lists it as full species separate from D. abramsii (it was not even mentioned in Munz Calif. flora). Descriptions in Jepson Manual & Madroño on pages noted above and in Thomson on p. 60.
=*D. calcicola [Bartel & Shev., 1983], current.
=D. abramsi ssp. calcicola (Nakai, 1988), obs.
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CAMPANULATA (Moran, 1978) Range: Baja Norte state of Mexico in small range on peninsula Punta Blanda (15 miles SW of Ensenada) growing on west facing cliffs. This new species published by Reid Moran in CSSA Journ. of Jan. 1978 on p. 20 with good photos. Flowers white to pale pink in June & July. Flowers are cup- or bell-shaped, thus the name of campanulata meaning “bell like”. Chromosome count octaploid at n=68. Moran mentions that this plant resembles D. anomola of same area but is a bit larger and D. anomola has green leaves, but this one has glaucous leaves. It also resembles D.vires ssp. hassei, but has larger leaves which are blunter at tip & there are some flower differences. Moran wonders if campanulata may be a hybrid, but could not prove it. See p. 60 in Thomson.
=*D. campanulata (Moran, 1978), current.
Dudleya campanulata, Santa Barbara Botanical Garden, CA, USA (Photo Michael Wisnev)
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CANDELABRUM (Rose, 1903) Range: From 2 channel islands off the coast of southern Calif. USA. The islands are: (a) Santa Rosa island (about 30 miles SW of Santa Barbara) where it is found at Old Ranch Point at NE tip, and (b) Santa Cruz Isl. in 3 tiny ranges. It generally grows on canyon walls facing north or east. Leaves not glaucous, the inflorescence branches to resemble a candelabra, thus the Latin name; common name “Candleholder Dudleya”, pale yellow flowers in May to July. This species listed as RARE by state. Description on p. 528 in Jepson Manual & p. 61 in Thomson; small but good line drawing on p. 529 of Jepson Manual, n=17.
=*D. candelabrum (Rose, 1903), current.
=C. candelabrum (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. candelabrum (Berger, 1930), obs.
Dudleya candelabrum, Santa Barbara Botanical Garden, CA, USA (Photo Michael Wisnev)
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CANDIDA (Britton, 1903) Range: From islands off coast of southern Calif. USA - the Coronado Islands about 8 miles west of Tijuana, this species is found on the 2 larger islands, each about a mile across. Candida literally means “clothed in white” and refers to the brilliant white leaves of the small rosettes. In nature it forms clumps up to two feet across. This species is easy to grow and popular in pots and it soon forms large clumps of many heads. It is very attractive because of the perfection of each rosette and the extreme white color of the pointed leaves and it blooms freely; easy to propagate by separating clusters. It looks like a much smaller D. brittonii (a close relative), as rosettes are only about 3 inches across. n=17. See BW photo on p. 71 of CSSA Journ. of Mar. 1974. Description on p. 61 of Thomson book. Note: Refer also under text for D. brittonii to the note on how closely these 2 species are related to each other. Also, either of these species can form a hybrid with D. orcuttii to form the natural hybrid known as D. x semiteres which is sometimes found in areas of habitat overlap.
=*D. candida (Britton, 1903), current.
=C. candida (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. candida (Berger, 1904), obs.
=D. bryceae (Britton, 1903), obs.
=C. bryceae (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. bruceae (Berger, 1930), obs.
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D. candida x D. orcuttii, a natural hybrid..
This hybrid is sometimes observed on the Coronado islands. See p. 208 in Thomson book. This seems to be one of the forms of the natural hybrid known as D. x semiteres (the smaller form).
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cerralvensis (Moran, 1969) First collected by Moran in 1952; range: Cerralvo Island (Isla Cerralvo) just east of La Paz in Baja Sur state of Mexico, locally common on north facing granite cliffs at 120 meters elev. in arroyo a mile up east of Ruffo Ranch on SW side of island. Bright yellow flowers in Feb. & Mar., leaves green or little glaucous, never farinose. Easy in cultivation, but plants are tender and must never get frost. Moran did a detailed article on this ssp. and its central species, D. nubigena in the CSSA Journ. of Nov. 1987 beginning on p. 235 with fine photos & he also combined the old species D. xanti with D. nubigena. See also the photos in earlier journals: p. 240 in 1962 & p. 241 of 1963; description p. 62 in Thomson book.
=*D. nubigena ssp. cerralvensis (Moran, 1969), current.
=D. nubigena var. cerralvensis, (Moran, 1969), obs.
=D. cerralvensis (Thomson, 1993), obs.
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chilensis (Thomson, 1993) This name means “from Chile”. This supposed new species of Dudleya was published privately by Thomson, who admits that he never went to Chile to check on this plant which was given to him by some little-known person, never heard from again. Thomson took this man’s word for all habitat information. Any such species as this in Chile was very unlikely. Professional botanists reject the idea outright. On p. 7 of Haseltonia no. 3 (yearbook of the CSSA Journ.) Prof. Moran writes that this plant grown by Mr. Thomson - as judged by the photos and description in Thomson’s book - is probably just a plant of D. virens “of confused origins”. It is entirely out of any logic to think that a single species occurs many thousands of miles away at the far side of S. America! No later searches ever found any such plant there. (See p. 194 in Thomson’s book) Today this “species” it totally discredited.
=D. chilensis (Thomson, 1993), non-existent! (See D. virens ssp. virens).
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collomiae (Morton,1934) Range: Cent. Arizona, USA, from high elevations (2 to 6 thousand ft.) in mts. of central part of state including Flagstaff, Prescott, Superior & on SW almost to Phoenix, this may be the most easterly growing Dudleya, elev. up to 6000 ft.; this sp. was recently thought to be rare, but recent observations show that many exist at intermediate elevations. Named for Mrs. Rose Collom who collected it for herbarium in 1924. The sap is thick. Forms rosettes of up to 8 heads, bright yellow flowers, April at low alt. & June at highest elev.; petals have pink or orange stripe on keel, n=68 and maybe one other count. See p. 64 in Thomson for description. Note: This may be the most cold-hardy species of the genus because winters at 6000 ft. can be very cold, even in Ariz. (the thick sap may act as an antifreeze). Interestingly, this winter-hardy aspect probably has not been yet tested elsewhere in the world.
=*D. saxosa ssp. collomiae (Moran, 1957), current.
=D. colomiae (Rose ex Morton, 1934: Thomson, 1993), obs.
=D. saxosa var. collomiae 1934), obs.
=E. collomiae (Kearney & Peebles, 1939), obs.
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compacta [Rose, 1903] Paul Thomson seems to have inappropriately resurrected this old name for use in his book (p. 64). The plant he describes here is most probably just a form of D. farinosa. He gives the range as all around San Francisco Bay area & tells of it becoming rare there due to development and over collecting. This is somewhat true, but you can still find it facing the ocean in many places & all of these are within the greater range of the modern concept of D. farinosa. This Latin name of course means “compact”.
=D. compacta (Rose, 1903; Thomson, 1993), obs.
=C. compacta (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. compacta (Berger, 1930), obs.
=*D. farinosa (Lindley, 1849: B&R, 1903), current.
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costafolia [Bartel & Shevock, 1983] Range: East central Calif., USA, in a tiny area in Tulare county where it grows on western foothills of the Sierra Nevada Mts. a few miles north of the Tulare Indian reservation near center of state and about 20 miles east of Porterville. It grows on limestone and is now considered “rare & endangered”. Bright yellow flowers May to early June, n=17. The Latin name translates as “rib leafed”. Common name “Pierpont Springs Liveforever”. References: Jepson Manual of 1993, p. 528, & p. 66 in Thomson book.
=D. costafolia [Bartel & Shev., 1983; Thomson, 1993], obs.
=*D. cymosa ssp. costafolia (B&S, 1990), current.
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crebrifolia (Nakai & Verity, 1988) Range: Los Angeles, Calif. USA, in San Gabriel Mts. in Fish Canyon on north facing cliffs at 1200 ft. elev., this species called “uncommon” today, related to ssp. pumila. Rosettes usually solitary, n=17, dark yellow flowers June to Aug. Common name “San Gabriel River Dudleya”. Published, described & combined by botanist K. Nakai on p. 344 of the 1987 manual Madroño (a Univ. of Calif. Press publication), also described p. 528 in 1993 Jepson Manual (of U. of Calif.) and on p. 66 of Thomson book, but too new for Munz Flora. The meaning of the Latin name “crebrifolia” is (?). BW photo on p. 343 Madroño, fig. 3a & 3b.
=D. crebrifolia (Nakai & Verity, 1987); Thomson,1993), obs.
=*D. cymosa ssp. crebrifolia (N&V, 1988), current.
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CULTRATA (Rose, 1903) Range: Baja Norte state of Mexico near west coast in a 12 x 18 mile range just west of San Quintin & on west to coast and all around the bay. A smaller form is found on tiny San Martin island 5 miles off coast; makes clumps of 4 to 8 rosettes, n=34, pale yellow flowers April to June. The name may come from the Latin “cultr” meaning “knife” in ref. to leaf shape; see Thomson (p. 66).
=D. cultrata (Rose, 1903), current.
=E. cultrata (Berger, 1930), obs.
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CYMOSA (Lemaire, 1858; B&R, 1903) Range: This is a Calif. inland species with no forms near the seashore. It is a species of the low mountains and foothills usually between 1000 & 5000 ft. elevation, and it can usually survive light freezes. In its various forms it is found over much of the Coastal range and just into the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada mountain range. It loves to grow on cliffs and slopes, often vertical among grasses and other plants, often above streams and rivers, often in semi-shade. Chromosome count n=17 (this seems to be the same for all ssp. also). The plants are variable from site to site. For this species a complex of many subspecies is recognized and is listed below, each with a “+” sign. The leaves are usually light green, but can be a bit frosted and with color blushes. The rosettes can be quite attractive, usually single. The flowers are usually on long spikes or sometimes as cymes as the species name indicates, and are usually in shades of pale yellow. More details p. 334 to 336 of Oct. 1987 Madroño, and p. 67 in the book of Thomson, or p. 722 in Munz Calif. Flora. See small line-drawing on p. 529 of Jepson.
=*D. cymosa (Lemaire, 1858; Britton & Rose, 1903), current.
=E. cymosa (Lemaire, 1858), obs.
=C. cymosa (Baker, 1869), obs.
=C. laxa var. cymosa (Jepson, 1925), obs.
=E. laxa var. cymosa (Jepson, 1936), obs.
+ssp. costfolia, (Bartel & Shevock, 1990), current.
=D. costafolia (Thomson, 1993), obs. [“costafolia” means “ribbed-leafed”; range foothills in Tulare County, Calif. 20 miles east of Porterville; rare & endangered, has bright yellow flowers in May, common name “Pierpont Springs Live forever”].
+ssp crebrifolia (Nakai, & Verity, 1988), current. [“crebrifolia” means (?) but possibly “many leafed”; range in Los Angeles County in San Gabriel Mts. at 1200 ft. closely related to ssp. pumila; uncommon today, p. 66 in Thomson book, common name “San Gabriel River Dudleya”].
=D. crebrifolia (Thomson, 1993), obs.
+ssp. cymosa (B&R, 1903), current. [This is the “type-species”. Range: Northern & cent. Calif. and maybe a bit into s. cent. Oregon, most common in w. foothills of Sierra Nevada mts. east of Sacramento, even in Folsom; flowers usually orange, but can extend to yellows & reds, grows on vertical cliffs, blooms by elevation from April to June].
=C. nevadensis (Watson, 1876), obs. [“nevadensis” refers to the Sierra Nevada Mts. of Calif. and not state of Nevada.].
=D. nevadensis (B&R, 1903), obs.
=E. nevadensis (Nelson & Macbride, 1913), obs.
=C. laxa var. nevadensis (Jepson, 1936), obs.
=C. purpusii (Schumann, 1896), obs. [“purpusii” refers to Carl & Joseph Purpus, plant hunters of Germany & the USA].
=E. purpusii (Schumann, 1896), obs.
=D. purpusii (B&R, 1903), obs.
=C. plattiana (Jepson, 1901), obs.
=D. plattiana (B&R, 1903), obs.
=E. plattiana (Nelson & Macbride, 1913), obs.
=D. angustiflora (Rose, 1913), obs. [means “narrow flower”].
=C. angustiflora (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. angustiflora (Berger, 1930), obs.
=D. gigantea (Rose, 1903), obs. [means “giant”].
=C. gigantea (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=D. cymosa ssp. gigantea (Moran, 1957), obs.
=D. sheldonii (Rose, 1903), obs.
=C. sheldonii (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. sheldonii (Berger, 1930), obs.
=E. amadorana (Berger, 1930), obs. [refers to Amador County].
=E. lanceolata var. incerta (Jepson, 1936), obs. [“incerta” means “uncertain”!].
+ssp. marcescens (Moran, 1957), current. [“marcescens” means “withering”; range: Santa Monica mts. at 150 to 500 m in 2 small ranges just NW of Los Angeles: one is coastal w. of Malibu & the other is inland in Little Sycamore Canyon].
=D. marcescens (Thomson, 1993), obs.
+ssp. ovatifolia (Moran, 1957), current. [means “oval leafed”; range: Santa Monica mts. at 150 to 500 m alt. in 2 small ranges: first 4 miles w. of Santa Monica for 2 miles along coast to 6 miles inland in Topanga Canyon; other in Santiago Canyon of Santa Ana mts. of Orange county 6 miles n. to s. & 2 miles e to w growing on north facing mossy canyon walls. ].
=D. ovatifolia (Britton, 1903), obs.
=C. ovatifolia (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. ovatifolia (Berger, 1930), obs.
=D. cymosa ssp. agourensis (Nakai, 1988), obs.
=D. agourensis (Thomson, 1993), obs.
+ssp. paniculata (Nakai, 1988), current. [means “panicled” fl. cluster. Range: Coastal range of mts. near San Francisco at 30 to 1200 m from Monterey bay to 20 miles inland in the mts. on canyon walls & cliffs].
=C. caespitosa var. paniculata (Jepson, 1901), obs.
=D. paniculata (B&R, 1903), obs.
=C. paniculata (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=C. laxa var. paniculata (Jepson, 1925), obs.
=D. humilis (Rose, 1903), obs.
=E. jepsonii (Nelson & Macbride, 1913), obs.
=E. diaboli (Berger, 1930), obs. [this name refers to Mt. Diablo located in this area].
+ssp. pumila (Nakai, 1988), current. [means “dwarf”; range: S. Coastal & w. transverse range of Calif. at 50 to 2600 m. from Monterey county s. to San Gabriel & San Bernardino Mts. at high altitude].
=D. pumila (Rose, 1903), obs.
=C. pumila (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=D. bernardiana (Britton, 1903), obs.
=C. bernardiana (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. bernardiana (Berger, 1930), obs.
=D. goldmanii (Rose, 1903), obs.
=E. goldmanii (Berger, 1930), obs.
=C. roseana (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. parva (Berger, 1930), obs.
Dudleya cymosa ssp. ovatifolia as D. cymosa ssp. agourensis, near type locality of D. agourensis (photos Michael Wisnev)
Dudleya cymosa ssp. crebrifolia, without locality (photos Michael Wisnev)
Dudleya cymosa ssp. pumila, without locality (photos Michael Wisnev)
Dudleya cymosa, at Big Sur (photos Michael Wisnev)
Dudleya cymosa ssp. cymosa, Los Gatos, California (photo Michael Wisnev)
Dudleya cymosa ssp. paniculata at Pinnacles Nat. Monument (photo Michael Wisnev)
Dudleya cymosa ssp. paniculata at Lewis Creek, California (photo Michael Wisnev)
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delicata (Rose, 1903) An old species name that was illegitimately revived by Thomson. The data given by Thomson for this species is: Range: 40 miles inland of San Diego, Calif. USA in the vicinity of the town of Julian in a circular range about 6 miles across where the plants grow in leaf mulch under oak trees. Flowers in April & May are dull yellow to yell.-orange. Plants clump to 3 or 4 heads. The count is n=17; refer to p. 68 in his book. The Latin name of course means “delicate” in English.
=D. delicata (Rose, 1903; Thomson,1993), obs.
=C. deicata (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. delicata (Berger, 1930), obs.
=*D. saxosa ssp. aloides (Moran, 1957), current.
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DENSIFLORA (Subgenus Stylophyllum) (Rose, 1903; Moran, 1943) Range: in Los Angeles County in the San Gabriel mts. in NW part of city in a single canyon. The plants grow on the vertical walls of the San Gabriel Canyon and at the base of mtns. near canyons in Chaparral at elevations of 800 to 2000 ft. This is now a rare and endangered species in nature, with only an estimated 300 plants left. Common name “San Gabriel Mountain Dudleya”. Leaves and flowers typical of subgenus Stylophyllum: leaves more or less pencil shape (terete), flowers open out flat like those of most Sedum flowers. Leaves covered with mealy, white powder. Flowers white to pale pink in June. Chromosome count n=17. The Latin name densiflora refers to the fact that flowers are densely clustered in the inflorescence. Difficult in cultivation. Full descriptions: p. 528 in Jepson Manual with line drawing on p. 529 & p. 725 in Munz Calif. Flora or p. 68 in Thomson.
=*D. densiflora (Moran, 1943), current.
=S. densiflorum (Rose, 1903), obs.
=C. densiflora (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. densiflora (Berger, 1930), obs.
=C. nudicaule (Abrams, 1903), obs.
=E. nudicaulis (Munz. 1935), obs.
=D. nudicaulis (Moran, 1943), obs.
=S. nudicaulis (Abrams, 1944), obs.
Dudleya densiflora, without locality (photo Michael Wisnev)
Dudleya densiflora, Santa Barbara Botanical Garden, CA, USA (Photo Michael Wisnev)
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eastwoodiae (Rose, 1903) This old “species” was never more than a form of D. farinosa with green leaves and not even different enough to be a subspecies, see p. 723 of the Munz Calif. Flora. D. farinosa includes forms with white leaves as well as forms with all green leaves, and these grow together on ocean cliffs of northern Calif. with the green form making about 10% of the total. It is curious how the two distinct forms can grow together without blending, but it must have continued like this for millennia. The seed from either form will produce both forms! This is positive proof that only one species is involved. Mr. Rose named this species to honor Alice Eastwood, a well-known hunter of Calif. wildflowers at the turn of the century. [Note: The odd fact that one species can have a green and white leaved form growing together is not limited to D. farinosa. In Baja Calif. the same thing happens to D. brittonii.] See p. 70 in Thomson for his mention of eastwoodiae.
=D. eastwoodiae (Rose, 1903), obs.
=C. eastwoodiae (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. eastwoodiae (Berger, 1930), obs.
=*D. farinosa (Lindley, 1849; B&R, 1903), current.
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EDULIS (Subgenus Stylophyllum) (Nuttall, 1840; Moran, 1943 & 1992) Range: Coastal, southern Calif. USA & south into NW Baja Norte state of Mexico. More specifically from about Laguna Beach, Calif. for 75 miles south to near San Vicente, Baja Calif., extending to as much as 25 miles inland at elevations of sea level to about 3000 ft. This is the first Dudleya to be published botanically (although at first in another genus).
While on a world tour British botanist Nuttall saw it while his ship was in San Diego. He heard that the Indians ate it as a vegetable, so he named it with the Latin word edule meaning “edible”. Britton and Rose erected a new genus for it, as it clearly was not a Sedum as Nuttall assumed. Most other Dudleyas that B&R knew in their time had wider and flatter leaves, but this one had pencil shaped leaves (terete), so they called their new genus Stylophyllum (pencil plants). Later studies would prove it to be just too closely related to the other Dudleyas to be in a separate genus, so Moran moved it into genus Dudleya, but retained the older genus concept by making it a subgenus, & indeed many other species would later fit into this subgenus within the central genus Dudleya. [All species within subgenus Stylophyllum have white to reddish flowers which open out almost flat like most Sedums (and quite unlike most species within the subgenus Dudleya which had to be formally re-described for the more normal Dudleyas. These, by contrast, have flowers which have petals joined at the base and thus the petals cannot open out wide. Their flowers always remain partly closed and may point up or be pendant). The petal count is mostly 5 for all Dudleyas in all 3 subgenera, but rarely 4 to 6 petals are seen. Hybrids can occur between all 3 subgenera, and indeed often are found in nature. This gives strong support for the justification to keep all within one overall genus as is now the case.]
The leaves of D. edulis are usually bright green, but some show reddish blushes; the chromosome count is the basic n=17. The full botanical description can be found on p. 528 of the Jepson Manual & on p.726 of the Munz Calif. Flora or on p. 70 of Thomson. Read also the excellent article by Reid Moran with colour photos in the CSSA Journal of Jan.1992 on p. 23. Many natural hybrids form in nature. A listing of all of these follows.
=Sedum edule (Nuttall, 1840), obs.
=C. edulis (Brewer, 1876), obs.
=S. edule (B&R, 1903), obs.
=E. edulis (Purpus ex Berger, 1930), obs.
=*D. edulis (Moran, 1943), current.
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D. edulis x D. formosa, a natural hybrid.
This hybrid can sometimes be found in the overlap area of the ranges of the parent species. See p. 208 in Thomson.
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D. edulis x D. orcuttii, a natural hybrid.
This hybrid can sometimes be found in the overlap areas of the ranges of the parent species. See. p. 208 in Thomson.
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D. edulis x D. stolonifera, a natural hybrid.
This hybrid can sometimes by found in the overlap areas of the ranges of the parent species. See p. 208 in Thomson.
An intereting photo, very probabley showing a hybrid of D. edulis x D. stolonifera : on right D. edulis, on left is a large clump, with two small D. stolonifera at the bottom - they had short inflorescences with yellow flower. Just above them are a number of intermediate plants, longer leaves, and pale yellow flowers with long inflorescences. Just what you might expect from a hybrid. / Une photo très intéressante - un hybride naturel de D. edulis x D. stolonifera : à droite D. edulis, à gauche deux petites plantes de D. stolonifera avec des inflorescences courtes et des fleurs jaunes. En haut de ces deux plantes il y a un nombre de plantes intermédiaires avec des feuilles plus longues, des inflorescences longues et des fleurs jaune pâle. (photo by Michael Wisnev)
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D. edulis x D. viscida, a natural hybrid.
This hybrid can sometimes be found in the overlap areas of the ranges of the parent species. See p. 208 in Thomson.
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D. edulis x D. blochmaniae, a natural hybrid. This hybrid can sometimes be found in the overlap areas of the ranges of the parent species. See p. 209 in Thomson. Considering the differences in sizes of the parent species, these hybrids may be hard to identify.
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D. edulis x D.blochmaniae ssp. brevifolia, a natural hybrid. This hybrid can sometimes be found in the overlap areas of the ranges of the parent species. See p. 209 in Thomson. Considering the differences in sizes of the parent species, these hybrids may be hard to identify
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elongata (Rose, 1903) Note that this name refers only to a species proposed for Subgenus Dudleya - not for Subgenus Stylophyllum (for which another species also had this name as shown below). Mr. Thomson has tried illegitimately to revive it for use in his Dudleya book. As described by Rose, it once was considered to be a full species; but later studies proved it to be only a form of D. lanceolata. Range: SW Calif. USA in an 8 miles length of coast between La Jolla & Del Mar to 2 miles inland. Flowers orange to red-orange in May & June. This form has flowering stems of about double average length (thus the Latin name meaning “elongated”), but that cannot justify it being a full species or even a ssp. See p. 71 in Thomson. See Munz Calif. Flora, p.724, and p.71 in Thomson.
=*D. lanceolata (Nuttall, 1840; B&R, 1903), current.
=D. elongata (Rose, 1903), obs.
=C. elongata (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. elongata (Berger, 1930), obs.
=D. lanceolata ssp. elongata (Moran, 1951), obs.
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elongata (Rose, 1903) (Subgenus Hasseanthus) Range: SW Calif., USA from Los Angeles on south to (?), and inland for about 50 miles. The roots bear small corms from ½ to 2 inches long. Yellow flowers April to June, n-17. Thomson tried to revive this name in his book, but this use is invalid. This species not mentioned in Jepson Manual. See p. 186 in Thomson. For good BW photo and some data refer to Fig. 1 of article in “Desert Plant Life”, Vol. 17, May 25, 1945. See Munz Calif. Flora, p.726.
=H. elongata (Rose, 1903), obs.
=Sedum elongata (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=H. variegatus var. elongatus (Johnston, 1918), obs.
=H. oblongirhizus (Thomson, 1993), obs.
=*D. multicaulis (Moran, 1953), current.
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eximia (Johansen, 1935) The data as given by Thomson in his 1993 book is: Range: NW Baja Norte state of Mexico in an oval range of 20 x 55 miles near the state of Colonet where it is common on hillsides in an area which does not quite reach to the ocean. Common name is “Mision San Vicente Dudleya”. Chromosome count is: n=34; rose colored flowers late June to July.
=D. eximia (Johansen, 1935), obs.
=*D. ingens (Rose, 1903), current.
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extima (Subgenus Stylophyllum) (Moran, 1995) Range: One island of the coast of Baja Calif. in Baja Norte state of Mexico. Found only on remote Guadelupe island where it now grows at altitudes of 250 to 800 ft. (goats eat it at lower levels). Reid Moran judged it to be a member of the D. virens complex, although it is much smaller than the other members. It was published as a new ssp. by Moran in Haseltonia #3 (1995), complete with excellent color photos and a detailed text. This is a clumping Dudleya with white rosette leaves blending into short reddish leaves on the flowering stem. As a member of subgen. Stylophyllum it has terete leaves and creamy white, wide open flowers (which are numerous). The Latin name means “remote” from extim meaning “farthest away”. Chromosome counts of n=17 & n=34.
=*D. virens ssp. extima (Moran, 1995), current.
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FARINOSA (Lindley, 1849; B&R, 1903) Range: Calif. USA, along coast from San Francisco and north for about 800 miles to Oregon and some miles up its coast. It grows on sea bluffs & vertical cliffs, rocks and islands. Most forms have leaves covered with a white powder resembling flour, thus the Latin name farinosa meaning “flour”. There is a common green leafed form over most of the range which was once thought to be a different species and this was given the name of D. eastwoodiae. [This green form was once offered as ISI-961 in CSSA Journ. of Mar. 1976 on p. 90]. After study it proved to be just a form of D. farinosa, thus was combined. [It is curious that any species should have 2 forms, one being extremely white farinose in leaf, while the other is plain green, growing together yet never blending. This characteristic is not unique among the Dudleyas as D. brittonii behaves in the same way. Seeds from either type produce offspring of both types mixed! This proves they can be only a single species. Obviously they have been growing like this for tens of thousands of years.] D. farinosa blooms from May to Sept. based mostly on how far north they live, the flowers are pale yellow on a bright red stem; chromosome count is n=17 or 68, 85 or sometimes even 119! See descriptions on p. 723 of Munz Calif. Flora or p. 528 of the Jepson Manual or p. 74 of Thomson; a small but good line-drawing is on p. 533 of the Jepson Manual.
=D. farinosa (B&R, 1903), current.
=E. farinosa (Lindley, 1849), obs.[means “flour”].
=C. farinosa, (Baker, 1869), obs.
=E. farinulenta (Lemaire, 1864), obs. [means “sticky flour”].
=D. compacta (Rose, 1903), obs. [means “compact”].
=C. compacta (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. compacta (Berger, 1930), obs.
=D. eastwoodiae (Rose, 1903), obs. [name honors Alice Eastwood]. For the green leaf form only.
=C. eastwoodiae (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. eastwoodiae (Berger, 1930), obs.
=D. septentrionalis (Rose, 1903), obs. [from the Latin “septentrion” meaning “northern”]. For the most northern forms.
=C. septentrionalis (Fedde, 1903), obs.
=E. septentrionalis (Berger, 1930), obs.
Dudleya farinosa, without locality (photos Michael Wisnev)
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FORMOSA (Moran, 1950) (Subgenus Stylophyllum) Habitat: Mexico, state of Baja Norte, about 50 miles down coast from Tiajuana at mouth of Guadalupe River near town of San Miguel growing on north facing basaltic cliff at mouth of river and to 3 miles inland. Main stems short and thick, branching and trailing downward. Attractive rosettes with about 20 leaves. Leaves short, broad, sharply pointed, bright green, not glaucous, tips reddish. Inflorescence stems short (5 inches), flowering head dense, globular. Flowers open wide, Sedum-like, 5 petals, white blushed pink above and reddish on underside. Chromosome count n=17. This is judged to be a useful garden species. Latin name means “graceful” or “beautiful”. Rose-pink flowers in June & July, needs some shade. This species is in subgnenus Stylophyllum (leaves normally terete to semiterete and narrow) - it may have the widest leaves within subgenus Stylophyllum. Thomson p.74. See Desert Plant Life 22(6): 65-68 with illustrations, 1950.
=*D. formosa (Moran, 1950), current.
Dudleya formosa, Santa Barbara Botanical Garden, CA, USA (Photo Michael Wisnev)
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D. formosa x D. orcuttii, a natural hybrid.
Found in overlap of the parent species ranges. Mentioned only in Thomson (p. 209).
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GATESII (Johansen, 1932) Range: From NW Baja Calif., specifically from a large inland range of about 30 x 90 miles in the state of Baja Norte of Mexico from the area of Punte Prieta & Rosario & Mision San Borja and extending SE to Calmalli, a town near the border with Baja Sur state. This species was named to honor the discoverer, famed USA cactus & succulent explorer H. Gates. It has white to pale pink flowers in April & May; the rosettes are usually solitary, n=34. As it comes from a dry and mostly desert region it is odd that it seems to do best with some shade and moisture all year long. See p. 76 in Thomson.
=*D. gatesii (Johansen, 1932), current.
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gigantea (Rose, 1903) See p. 335 of the journal Madroño, a publication of the Univ. of Calif. dated 1987. This combination was made by botanist Kei M. Nakai of the herbarium of the Mathias Bot. Garden. Thomson still lists this as a valid species on p. 76 of his Dudleya book, but 2003 Lexicon shows it as a form of D. cymosa. Latin name means “gigantic”, but any large size plants found may have merely been the result of better growing conditions in habitat along streams north of Jackson, Calif. where it was said to occur.
=D. gigantea (Rose, 1903), obs.
=D. cymosa ssp. cymosa (B&R, 1903), current.
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GNOMA (McCabe, 1997) Of Santa Rosa island off southern Calif. Invalidly listed by Thomson as a full species. [This seems to be the same plant as was earlier sold widely under Moran’s commercial name “White Sprite”, ISI-1013. See p. 85 in CSSA Journal of Mar. 1977.] The 2003 Lexicon lists this as a separate and valid full species and does not relate it to D. greenei which it also carries as a full species, but gives as its habitat 3 other nearby islands. Chromosome count is n=34 only. We can only assume they are all very similar and closely related, but this one was judged to be different enough to merit full species status. Little other data is given. For full data on this species there is an internet address: Read under CSSA Journal in my introduction above for details.
=*D. gnoma (McCabe, 1997), current.
=D. greenei fa. nana (Moran, 1951), obs.
=D. nana (Thomson, 1993), obs.
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GREENEI (Rose, 1903) Range: SW Calif. USA, Channel Islands (specifically a 1 mile range on NE Santa Rosa Is. and small spots on Santa Cruz Is. and San Miguel) becoming uncommon in all habitats. The 2003 Lexicon carefully notes that this is a different species from D. gnoma and in a different small habitat. It is part of the D. caespitosa complex. Note: the name greenei does not mean the leaves are green (in fact most are very white). It refers to a Mr. Green whom the name honors, thus the common name is “Green’s Dudleya”. It forms clumps of up to 20 heads. Pale yellow flowers in May & June, n=34, & 51. For descriptions refer to p. 528 of Jepson Manual or p. 724 of Munz Calif. Flora.
=*D. greenei (Rose, 1903), current.
=C. greenei (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. greenei (Berger, 1930), obs.
=D. hoffmannii (Johansen, 1932), obs.
=D. regalis (Johansen, 1932), obs.
=D. echeverioides (Johansen, 1932), obs.
Dudleya greenei, Santa Barbara Botanical Garden, CA, USA (Photo Michael Wisnev)
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GUADELUPENSIS (Moran, 1951) Possibly (?) of subgenus Stylophyllum. Range: Only from Guadelupe Island, thus the species name meaning “of Guadelupe”. This island is far out into the Pacific west of the mainland, but is politically a part of Baja Norte state of Mexico. This species found not on the main island, but on the tiny “Outer Islet” 3 miles to the south. The rosette leaves are green and rosettes form clumps of up to 50 heads, n=17, white flowers in May & June, petals have a greenish midrib. Little data available: refer to the 2003 Lexicon.
=*D. guadelupensis (Moran, 1951), current.
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hassei (Rose, 1903; Moran 1957 & 1995) (Subgenus Stylophyllum) Range: SW Calif. USA, Santa Catalina Island where it grows on sea bluffs and near channel shore at altitudes of 5 to 120 meters, and some of this species may grow on nearby islands at uncertain locations. This is a clumping plant with terete leaves and creamy white flowers, opening wide - typical of its subgenus. The leaves are usually farinose white or rarely green. Outer leaf tips may blush red and the short bract leaves on flowering stems are often quite red. Plants are tetraploid at n=34. Short description in Jepson Manual on p. 528; not in Munz Calif. Flora; but best data is to be found in Haseltonia #3 on pages 4, 5 & 6. Note: A form of D. hassei was offered by ISI in the CSSA Journal of Mar. 1988 on p. 93 as ISI-1845. This plant is easy in cultivation and long-living, and several forms are available. In the wild habitats plants clump to form groups up to 3 ft. in diameter. At the Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Gardens of Clarmont, Calif. Mr. Thorne in 1969 called this their most successful Dudleya species for outdoor beds. In fact, he claimed it was almost “weedy” in its invasiveness (reported by Thomson on p. 78 of his book). Named to honor Dr. H. E. Hasse of Santa Monica, Calif.
=S. hassei (Rose, 1903), obs.
=C. hassei (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. hassei (Berger, 1930), obs.
=D. hassei (Moran, 1957), obs.
=*D. virens, ssp. hassei (Moran, 1995), current.
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hoffmannii (Johansen, 1932) Note: On p. 724 of the Munz Calif. Flora (under D. greenei) it can be seen that this old species name has been formally combined under D. greenei and is a now an obsolete synonym. Thomson data: Found on the islands of Prince, Santa Rosa & Anacapa. Chromosome count: n=34 & 51. The flower colour is given as pale yellow to white in June & July and the plants form dense clumps of up to 3 ft. across with 150 or more heads! See p. 78 of Thomson. The 2003 Lexicon now equates this with D. greenei and does not even say it is a form.
=D. hoffmannii (Johansen, 1932), obs.
=*D. greenei (Rose, 1903), current.
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INGENS (Rose, 1903) Range: From NW Baja Sur state of Mexico in a range of about 30 x 70 miles along the west coast near center of peninsula, starting 30 miles above San Quintin to about 10 miles below El Rosario. “Ingens” comes from the Latin for “remarkable”. Chromosome count n=17 & 34. This is a somewhat variable species with the more southern ones being the larger plants. It has pale to med. yellow flowers in June & July, leaves medium to dark green. These plants form loose clumps. In cultivation they have proven to be easy and long-lasting when grown in pots.
=E. ingens (Berger, 1930), obs.
=C. rugens (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=D. viridicata (Johansen, 1933), obs.
=D. eximia (Johansen, 1935), obs.
=D. cedrosensis (Moran, 1951), obs.
=D. tenuifolia (Thomson, 1993), obs.
=*D. ingens (Rose, 1903), current.
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D. ingens x D. attenuata, a natural hybrid..
Found in overlap area of the ranges of the parent species. See P. 209 in Thomson book.
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insularis (Subgenus Stylophyllum) (Rose, 1903; Moran, 1995) Range: SW Calif. USA on islands off coast. Found on islands of Santa Catalina, San Nicholas, plus found a bit on the mainland on coast from Los Angeles to only a short distance south. This is the island form of D. virens, differing in minor details. The name comes from the Latin “insularis” meaning “island”. It is a bit variable over its range; the amber colored flowers come in June and July and open out flat. The terete leaves are mostly green, but show white toward center of rosettes. Chromosome count: n=17. In nature it grows on rocky cliffs and tolerates dry conditions. In cultivation it is said to be long-living in pots. Botanist Prof. Reid Moran did a detailed study of this form and its related plants, and from this he wrote an excellent article which was published in Haseltonia #3, the yearbook of the CSSA Journal. Pages 2, 3 &4 are devoted to just this subspecies. Fig. #1 of this article shows a fine, clustered plant of this ssp. in full colour and growing in habitat; see also fig. 2, 3 & 4. See p. 80 in Thomson. Note: Do not confuse D. virens ssp. insularis with D. blochmaniae ssp. insularis.
=*D. virens ssp. insularis (Moran, 1995), current.
=S. insulare (Rose, 1903), obs.
=C. insularis (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=C. viscida var. insularis (Jepson, 1925), obs.
=E. insularis (Berger, 1930), obs.
=E. viscida var. insularis (Jepson, 1936), obs.
=D. insularis (Thomson, 1933), obs.
=D. virens ssp. skinneri (Moran, 1951), obs.
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insularis (Subgenus Hasseanthus) (Moran, 1953) Range: SW Calif. USA at a tiny spot on N. Point of Santa Rosa Island only. This is a tiny plant (see excellent small line drawing on p. 529 in Jepson Manual) with root corms 3/8 to 7/8 inch long and white flowers (in May & June) that have an odor of musk, chromosome count: n=17. This listed as a RARE plant under Calif. state listing. Common name is “Santa Rosa Island Dudleya”. See description on p. 527 in Jepson Manual and 726 in the Munz Calif. Flora or p. 186 in Thomson book.
=H. blochmaniae ssp. insularis (Moran, 1950), obs.
=H. insularis (Thomson, 1993), obs.
=*D. blochmaniae ssp. insularis (Moran, 1953), current.
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LANCEOLATA (Nuttall, 1840; B&R, 1903) Range: SW Calif. USA and a bit into NW Baja Norte state of Mexico, from Santa Barbara south along the coast and into Baja to just below Ensenada and inland as much as 50 miles at places including the Transverse range and desert mountains. This is a variable species over its large range and this caused the publication of many older names now combined under the name of D. lanceolata; but no subspecies are now recognized. Many “forms” appear quite distinctive and probably come true from seed; thus partly justifying older publications of them as full species. But the differences were too few to justify this separation after more careful study by modern botanists. The Latin name means “lance” of course, and refers to the shape of the leaves. It is still common at some places and thus it has become well known, but it is now disappearing rapidly in most built-up areas. This can be an attractive species, but it proves difficult in pots. It is a freely clumping species, the sharply pointed leaves may be glaucous white or plain green or intermediate depending on the form. The plants bloom May to July; flowers red to yellow with all intermediate shades, and some odd colours are sometimes seen such as purplish or even green: It is no wonder so many names were published (37)! Chromosome counts: n=34, 51 & 68. Descriptions can be found on p. 724 of the Munz Calif. Flora or p. 528 of the Jepson Manual (with a small line drawing on p. 533) and p. 82 in Thomson.
=*D. lanceolata (B&R, 1903), current.
=E. lanceolata (Nuttall, 1840), obs.
=C. lanceolata (Brewer & Watson, 1876), obs.
=D. brauntonii (Rose, 1903), obs.
=C. brauntonii (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. brauntonii (Berger, 1930), obs.
=D. congesta (Britton, 1903), obs.
=C. congesta (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. congesta (Berger, 1930), obs.
=D. elongata (Rose, 1903), obs.
=C. elongata (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. elongata (Berger, 1930), obs.
=D. lanceolata ssp. elongata (Moran, 1951), obs.
=D. hallii (Rose, 1903), obs.
=C. hallii (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. hallii (Nelson & Macbride, 1913), obs.
=D. lurida (Rose, 1903), obs.
=C. lurida (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. lanceolata var. lurida (Munz, 1935), obs.
=D. minor (Rose, 1903), obs.
=C. minor (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. minor (Berger, 1930), obs.
=E. laxa var. minor (Jepson, 1936), obs.
=D. nevadensis ssp. minor (Abrams, 1945), obs.
=C. cymosa ssp. minor (Moran, 1957), obs.
=D. parishii (Rose, 1903), obs.
=C. parishii (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. parishii (Berger, 1930), obs.
=D. robusta (Britton, 1903), obs.
=C. robusta (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. robusta (Berger, 1930), obs.
=D. reflexa (Britton, 1905), obs.
=E. reflexa (Berger, 1930), obs.
=E. monicae (Berger, 1930), obs.
=D. bicolor (Thomson, 1993), obs.
=D. temeculana (Thomson, 1993), obs.
=D. pendletonia (Thomson, 1993), obs.
Dudleya lanceolata, without locality (photo Michael Wisnev)
Dudleya lanceolata, in winter (photo Michael Wisnev)
Dudleya lanceolata, in March 2011, near Los Angeles (photo Michael Wisnev)
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LINEARIS (Green, 1899; Rose, 1903) The following data are from Thomson. Range: NW Baja Norte state of Mexico only on 1 island. It is found on W side of San Benito Is. which is 25 miles W of Cedros Is. The leaves are pale green and the 2 sides are parallel, thus the name linearis. The rosettes form small clusters. It has bright yellow flowers in April and May, n=17. Few plants left in nature, so it is considered rare and endangered; see p.84 of Thomson.
=*D. linearis (B&R, 1903), current.
=C. linearis (Greene, 1889), obs.
=E. linearis (Berger, 1930), obs.
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lurida (Rose, 1903) Paul Thomson tried to revive this old name in his Dudleya book. He gave the following data for it. Range: SW Calif. USA from 2 small ranges in the Santa Ana Mts. The rosette leaves are pale green, giving the Latin name “lurida” which means pale or ghostly. The flowers in April and May are orange to red, n=34. See p. 86 in the book of Thomson & p. 724 in Munz Calif. Flora.
=D. lurida (Rose, 1903), obs.
=C. lurida Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. lanceolata var. lurida (Munz, 1935), obs.
=*D. lanceolata (B&R, 1903), current.
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marcescens (Moran, 1957) Range: SW Calif. USA in just 2 small ranges just NW of the city of Los Angeles, one is coastal west of Malibu and the other is inland somewhat NW of the other range in Little Sycamore Canyon. These plants have thin stems and the rosette leaves tend to wither in summer. The Latin “marcescens” means “withering”. It can be said that this plant goes dormant in summer, or that the plant is “vernal” (springtime only). Flowers in May & June have yellow petals marked with red. Grows on shaded, rocky slopes in the chaparral bushes at 150 to 500 meters. Chromosome count n=17. Common names: “Santa Monica Mts. Dudleya” or “Marcescent Dudleya”. This plant is now listed as “RARE”. See full descriptions in Jepson Manual on p. 528-529 or in Munz Calif. Flora (1993) on p. 723.
=*D. cymosa ssp. marcescens (Moran, 1957), current.
=D. marcescens (Thomson, 1993), obs.
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matsonii (Thomson, 1993) (Subgenus Stylophyllum) Range: (Thomson data) S. Calif. USA in a 4x7 mile range in the San Jacinto Mts. just SW of Palm Springs. This is a rapidly clumping plant with clusters of up to 6 ft. across when grown in a garden, easy culture, useful as a ground cover. Blooms in May & June. Flowers pale yellow. Petals have a darker yellow midrib. Leaf color not mentioned by Thomson, see p. 195 in Thomson book. n=17.
=D. matsonii (Thomson, 1993), obs.
=*D. virens ssp. virens (Moran, 1943), current.
=S. virens (Rose, 1903), obs.
=C. virens (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. virens (Berger, 1930), obs.
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minor (Rose, 1903; Moran, 1957) of W. central Calif., range (from Munz Flora): Monterey county to San Bernardino county, growing in dry, rocky places at elevations of 2000 to 8500 ft. in mts. with pine forests & chaparral & coming no closer than 20 miles to the sea anywhere. Leaves glaucous; rosettes small; single or few in clump, prefers shade, n=17, flowers April to July by altitude, petals orange or reddish to yellowish. Botanists had a lot of difficulty deciding if this plant belongs with D. cymosa or with D. lanceolata, but in the end most agree that the latter is most accurate; and not even as a subspecies, but just a form. The Latin minor means “smaller”.
=*D. lanceolata (B&R, 1903), current.
=D. minor (Rose, 1903), obs.
=C. minor (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. minor (Berger, 1930), obs.
=E. laxa var. minor (Jepson, 1936), obs.
=D. cymosa ssp. minor (Moran, 1957), obs.
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moranii (Johansen, 1932) Range: W. Cent. Baja Calif, Mexico. This range is on the line separating the states of Baja Norte & Baja Sur along the west coast at Magdalena Bay and on some nearby islands, including Cedros Is. The rosettes are separate or may form small clumps. In cultivation this species is considered to be easy and long-living in pots. The flowers are pure white and come in May & June. The chromosome count of the complex exists in 4 different ploidities, which are n= 34, 51, 68, & 85. The form with n=85 (which is 5-ploid) is basic to D. albiflora. The forms with n=51 & n=68 used to be considered to be a part of D. albiflora, but in 1932 were separated out by Johansen to become D. moranii. [The form with n=34 is also part of D. albiflora, but it was considered for being separated out and to be published as a new species to be called “D. partida”, named for Isla Partida where it grows. The reasons for separation into a separate species is because these n=34 forms are sufficiently different physically and they do look different; but they are still closely related. This publication has not been done.] For now the old D. moranii is considered to be just D. albiflora, but note that albiflora is a variable complex, thus expect to see considerable variation over the range, and some of these forms come true from seed. See p. 87 in Thomson.
=D. moranii (Johansen, 1932), obs.
=*D. albiflora (Rose, 1903), current.
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MULTICAULIS (Subgenus Hasseanthus) (Rose, 1903; Moran, 1968) Range: SW Calif.. USA, found in 5 counties from Los Angeles and east where it is said to grow on “heavy soils” (clay) at elevations of 600 meters or higher. Leaves are linear, subterete, colour (?), the main root is fleshy and called “corm-like” (typical of this subgenus) with several stems, n=17. Flowering stems up to 35 cm long and cymose with short linear leaves; flowers yellow, often flecked with red, come in May & June. Munz describes habitat as being in dry, stony places below 2000 ft. in Coastal Sage scrub & chaparral. Common name is given as “Many Stemmed Dudleya” (which is simply the translation of the Latin multicaulis). See the small line-drawing on p. 533 of Jepson. Descriptions on p. 528 in Jepson Manual, p. 726 in Munz Calif. Flora and see Thomson p. 187. D. multicaulis is now declared “RARE”.
=*D. multicaulis (Moran, 1953), current.
=H. multicaulis (Rose, 1903), obs.
=Sedum multicaule, (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=H. elongatus (Rose, 1903), obs. [named for the elongated corm. This form combined into multicaulis later].
=Sedum elongatum (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=H. variegatus var. elongatus (Johnston, 1918), obs.
=Sedum oblongirhizum (Berger, 1930), obs. [Berger preferred a different Latin name for elongated corm].
=H. oblongirhizus (Thomson, 1993), obs.
=Sedum sanctae-monicae (Berger, 1930), obs. [named for Santa Monica, Calif.].
Dudleya multicaulis, Top of the World, Laguna Beach, CA, USA (photo Michael Wisnev)
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murina (Eastwood, 1930; Moran, 1957) Range: W. cent. Calif. USA, near coast & a bit inland in a range about 8x15 miles between San Luis Obispo & Morro Bay where it grows on black adobe clay, a volcanic serpentine soil at elevations of 60 to 450 meters. The rosettes form clumps of 10 to 50 heads, leaves somewhat glaucous, n=17, blooms in May & June, flowers pale yellow flecked purple, petals have purple midrib. The Latin name comes from "murin" (mouse), common names: “Mouse Leafed Dudleya” or “San Luis Obispo Dudleya”, becoming uncommon in habitat. See descriptions on p. 724 of Munz Calif. Flora or p. 527 in Jepson Manual, mentioned in Madroño only in the key on p. 351, see also p. 88 in Thomson.
=D. murina (Eastwood, 1930), obs. [name refers to the leaves being shaped like a mouse’s ear].
=*D. abramsii ssp. murina (Moran, 1957), current.
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nana (Moran, 1951) Range: Santa Rosa Island in small range at 20 to 70 meters elevation. According to Thomson the commercial cultivar “White Sprite” is a form of this Dudleya which Moran named as a form of D. greenei, (see p. 85 of the CSSA Journ. of Mar. 1977). Thomson calls it a small, clustering species. [“White Sprite” was chosen by Reid Moran as an especially nice cultivar of this plant for growing in cultivation as it was especially white, and the other forms less so. It has proven to be quite successful & popular. It carried the number ISI-1013 and a BW photo appears on p. 86 of this same CSSA issue]. See p. 196 of Thomson for his description of “D. nana”. The Latin nani means “a dwarf”. Note: In 1997 McCabe published officially a new name in the journal Madroño for this very species. The authorities now have decided that this is really a separate species from D. greenei, and its tiny habitat is separate on the same island. The 2003 Lexicon carries this new name.
=D. greenei fa. nana (Moran, 1951), obs.
=D. nana (Thomson, 1993), obs.
=*D. gnoma (McCabe, 1997), current.
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NESIOTICA (Subgenus Hasseanthus) (Moran, 1953) Range: SW Calif. USA on only one island in a tiny spot at W. tip of Santa Cruz Is. where it grows on the sea bluffs. This species has root corms from ½ in. to one inch long; 8 to 16 rosette leaves 2.5 to 5 cm long which may disappear totally along with the stems for the dry summer and fall months, leaving only the corms invisible underground; but in the growing season green rosettes appear, 2 to 4 inches across. [In cultivation it is said that the leaves may remain all year long.] The name comes from the Latin word “neso”, meaning “an island” in reference to the habitat location. For a common name it is to be called the “Santa Cruz Island Dudleya”. As of Nov. 1979 it was placed on the Calif. state RARE plant species list. Note: This species was once offered as ISI-1325 (see CSSA Journ. of Mar. 1982, p. 79). Chromosome count n=34. As references refer to the Munz Calif. Flora of 1968, p.726 or to the Jepson Manual, p.530 or p. 186 in Thomson.
=*D. nesiotica (Moran, 1953), current.
=H. nesioticus (Moran, 1950), obs.
Dudleya nesiotica, from Santa Cruz Island, US Threatened Sp. from plants collected with permits by Santa Barbara BG.
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nevadensis (Watson, 1876; B&R, 1903) Range: Foothills of the Sierra Nevada mts. (thus the species name) from about Oroville in the north to about Jackson in the south at elevations of about 1000 ft. to 3000 ft. This is a rather common plant growing on near-vertical cliffs above rivers and roads and blooming with yellow to orange flowers in a cyme or spike shaped inflorescence. Rosettes are single or in small clusters. Leaves are succulent and pointed at tips and range in colour from plain green to a bit glaucous (to red-blushed, especially in the hot, dry summers and fall). It grows in grasses and among other plants on cliffs or between cracks in the rock. At the higher elevations it may freeze rather hard in winters. It is a medium sized Dudleya and usually does well in outdoor pots in Calif. See p. 85 in Thomson & p. 723 in Munz Calif. Flora.
=C. nevadensis (Watson, 1876), obs.
=D. nevadensis (B&R, 1903), obs.
=E. nevadensis (Nelson & Macbride, 1913), obs.
=C. laxa var. nevadensis (Jepson, 1936), obs.
=*D. cymosa ssp. cymosa (B&R, 1903), current.
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NUBIGENA (Brandegee, 1891; B&R, 1903) Range:From Baja Calif. (Mexico) in Baja Sur state from Cerro Mechudo to Cabo San Lucas, from near sea level to 1800 meters elevation (5900 ft.) in several small habitats (12) including the Arroyo San Antonio de Cyote & Isla Espiritu Sante north of La Paz to Cabo San Lucas at north tip. Prof. Reid Moran personally field researched these plants and published his findings in an article in the CSSA Journal of Nov. 1987. This included the publishing of the new subspecies. He estimates the total range is about 20 x70 miles for all and it is mostly inland. Nubigena often grows at above 5000 ft. At these heights the clouds often cling to the cheeks of the mountains. (The Latin name nubigena means “cloud cheek”). The old species xanti of Britton & Rose was tested growing side by side with nubigena and in this way proved to be the same species, so Moran had to combine the two. D. nubigena also grows at lower levels in canyons, but only in places having shade and moisture, as the climate at lower altitudes is essentially like a desert. D. nubigena is a small plant with a rosette of about ten pointed, succulent leaves, narrow & glaucous white. These leaves are on a short, thick stem and usually several dried and dead leaves cling below. Fig. 6 with the CSSA article shows several field collected plants of ssp. cerralvensis. The flowers come in winter because the habitat is so far south, but in the greenhouse it is not clear if the flowering time is different. Flowers are orange with red blushes in double branched cymes on long stems. Individual flowers remain almost closed even when at maximum open, thus resemble flowers of an Echeveria (to which this plant is not at all related). Flowers may be up-pointing or pendant. Rosettes are usually solitary. Chromosome count: n=17. Ssp. certalvensis differs mostly in having all green leaves and all yellow flowers with shorter tubes. Best reference is CSSA Journ. Nov.1987, p. 235 (photos only in CSSA , p. 240, 1962 plus p. 241 of 1963) and see p. 90 of Thomson.
=*D. nubigena (B&R, 1903), current.
=C. nubigena (Brandegee, 1891), obs.
=E. nubigena (Berger, 1930), obs.
+ ssp. cerralvensis (Moran, 1969), current. [only on Isla Cerralvo island, thus the ssp. name].
=D. nubigena var. cerralvensis (Moran, 1969), obs.
=D. cerralvensis (Thomson, 1993), obs.
+ssp. nubigena (B&R, 1903), current. [type-species].
=D. xanti (Rose, 1903), obs.
=C. xanti (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. xanti (Berger, 1930), obs.
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oblongirhizus (Berger, 1930) (Subgenus Hasseanthus) Range: SW Calif. USA in an inland range in San Diego County on N. side of Sweetwater River Valley where they grow in clay soil. Thomson calls it an endangered species “with only 50 plants left in nature”. The plants have corms 3/8 inch by 1 ½ in. long. This Latin name refers to the elongated corm. Blooming time May & June with pale yellow flowers. See p. 187 in Thomson where he illegally revived this old name, and see Munz Calif. Flora. 1968, #21, p. 726.
=Sedum oblongirhizum (Berger, 1930), obs.
=H. oblongirhizus (Thomson, 1993), obs.
=*D. multicaulis (Moran, 1953), current.
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orcuttii (Rose, 1903) (Subgenus Stylophyllum) Range: Mainly of Baja Calif. but a few plants can sometimes be found in San Diego County on the coastal bluffs, but it is considered rare there. The main range is an area 70 miles long and up to 30 miles inland beginning at about 15 miles N. of Rosario and on to S. Punta Banda. True D. orcuttii has a chromosome count of n=17 only, but some similar looking plants of this area are not related and have n=34, D. orcuttii has stems that are thin and wire-like, the rosettes will cluster in age. Leaves are white glaucous, especially when young & are linear-oblong-acute. Flowers open out flat and are mostly white, typical of subgenus Stylophyllum; some have slight colours such as pink & lavender. The name honors plant collector C. R. Orcutt. For descriptions see Munz p. 725, or Jepson Manual, p. 527, or read Thomson, p. 90.
=S. orcuttii (Rose, 1903), obs.
=C. orcuttii (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. orcuttii (Berger, 1930), obs.
=D. orcuttii (Thomson, 1993), obs.
=S. parishii (Britton, 1903), obs.
=C. parishii (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. palensis (Berger, 1930), obs.
=*D. attenuata ssp. orcuttii (Moran, 1943), current.
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D. orcuttii x D. variegata, a natural hybrid.
This hybrid found in the overlap area of the parent species ranges. P. 209 in Thomson.
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ovatifolia (Britton, 1903; Moran, 1957) Range: SW Calif. USA, in Santa Monica Mts. Los Angeles county, in 2 small ranges: From 4 miles W. of Santa Monica for only 2 miles along the coast but up to 6 miles inland in the Topanga Canyon, & a 2nd range in Santiago Canyon in Santa Ana Mts. of Orange county, 6 miles N to S and 2 miles E to W growing on N facing, mossy canyon walls (this 2nd range according to Thomson only). The rosettes usually solitary, leaves shiny green lined white with underside maroon red. Yellow to orange flowers May & June. Grows in rocky places in coastal sage scrub & chaparral, 150 to 500 meters altitude, n=17, becoming RARE, common name recently assigned: “Santa Monica Mountains Dudleya”. References to D. ovatifolia can be found on p. 723 of the 1968 Munz Calif. Flora, and on p. 528 of the Jepson Manual; p. 92 in Thomson and in Madroño of 1987 p. 342. Latin species name comes from ovat meaning “egg shaped” for leaves.
=D. ovatifolia (Britton, 1903), obs.
=C. ovatifolia (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. ovatifolia (Berger, 1930), obs.
=D. cymosa ssp. agourensis (Nakai, 1988), obs.
=D. agourensis (Thomson, 1993), obs.
=*D. cymosa ssp. ovatifolia (Moran, 1957), current.
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PACHYPHYTUM (Moran & Benedict, 1980) Range: Baja Calif., Mexico on a small island at N. tip of Cedros Island. (Cedros Is. is located in Pacific Ocean just west of the center of the Baja peninsula). This species grows on N. facing cliffs in an area that has frequent fog. The leaves are thick & massive and this is the meaning of the Latin prefix: “pachy-“ (massive) and “-phytum” (plant), but there may be deeper meaning also. A genus of plants (of east central Mexico) has this name and the leaves do resemble each other a lot, thus Moran thought the name would be especially appropriate. The leaves of this species are very blunt and rounded: more so than for any other Dudleya species, and they have a beautiful white, glaucous coating. The rosettes of these leaves are especially attractive, making this one of the most desirable of Dudleya species in any collection. This species was discovered only fairly recently because it grows in a very inaccessible part of the island: Michael Benedict found it in 1971. Within its small area it is rather abundant. In nature it forms clusters of 20 to 50 heads. When it blooms the white flowers form a dense cyme at the end of long stems. Individual flowers remain largely closed at maximum opening. There are 5 petals, sepals are pale green and short. Stems of the inflorescence are pink toward base. In nature blooming time is late June and July. Clumps 2 ft. across were found. The chromosome count is the basic n=17 of the genus. For collectors it is easy & popular in cultivation. Rather quickly it became widely available from nurseries. The best reference is the article by Moran in the CSSA Journal in which he published this new species in May 1981 on p. 132, and includes excellent color photos. Before the species was named or published it was written up in the CSSA Journ. of Sept. 1980, p. 238, again with fine photos. Excellent BW photo p. 81 of CSSA Journ. of Mar, 1998, & Thomson has it on p. 92 of his book.
=*D. pachyphytum (Moran & Benedict, 1980), current.
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D. pachyphytum x D. (unknown sp.), a natural hybrid.
This hybrid is sometimes found in the overlap area of the parent species ranges. See. p. 209 of Thomson.
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PALMERI (Watson, 1879; B&R, 1903) Range: W. Cent. Calif. USA, on a short range along the coast for 7 miles to 5 miles inland. Forms small clusters, leaves of the rosettes are plain green & the leaf count per rosette is 15 to 25. Basic chromosome count is n=68, but at spots of the range some with n=85 & n=119 have been found. Yellow flowers with red markings come in May & June. See p. 530 of Jepson Manual with a small line drawing of an inflorescence on upper right of p. 533. See p. 93 of Thomson.
=C. plameri (Watson, 1879), obs.
=E. plameri (Nelson & Macbride, 1913), obs.
=*D. palmeri (B&R, 1903), current.
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paniculata (Jepson, 1901; B&R, 1903; Nakai, 1988) Range: W. Cent. Calif. USA from Monterey bay on coast to as much as 20 miles inland in the mts. of the Coastal Range where it grows on cliffs & canyon walls. The inflorescence is a peduncle with pale yellow flowers in May & June. Leaves of rosettes are plain green and rosettes single, n=17. See p. 723 of the Munz Calif. Flora, & p. 339 of Madroño of 1987; description on p. 528 of Jepson Manual, and see p. 94 of Thomson.
=C. caespitosa var. paniculata (Jepson, 1901), obs.
=D. paniculata (B&R, 1903), obs.
=C. paniculata (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=C. laxa var. paniculata (Jepson, 1925), obs.
=E. laxa var. paniculata (Jepson, 1936), obs.
=D. humilis (Rose, 1903), obs.
=C. humilis (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. jepsonii (Nelson & Macbride, 1913), obs.
=E. diaboli (Berger, 1930), obs.
=*D. cymosa ssp. paniculata (Nakai, 1988), current.
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parva (Rose & Davidson, 1923; Bartel, 1991) Range: West cent. Calif. USA; bare, rocky slopes, 1000 ft., chaparral & coastal sage shrub; Conejo Grade & Arroyo Santa Rosa in southern Ventura County (this from Munz Calif. Flora.).Thomson (p. 94) gives more details: 2 ranges, the 1st is oval slanted SW to NE for 7 miles & 3 miles wide with center 8 miles NW of Thousand Oaks in the “Conejo Grade” of the Arroyo Santa Rosa, 2nd is in San Luis Obispo County on San Bernardo Creek just E. of Morro Bay near mouth of Chorro Creek growing on a volcanic hill. This species is one of the stranger looking of the Dudleyas. It has thin 2 inch stalks, purple, leafless most of the year. In spring these sprout several tiny rosettes with leaves long, thin, flat & plain green. Flowers in May & June with pale yellow fl. with red flecks; n=17. These plants grow among weeds and are hard to see. Now considered to be a rare & threatened species. Common name “Conejo Dudleya”. References: P. 723 of the Munz Calif. Flora; p. 527 of Jepson Manual and p. 94 of Thomson book. The species name comes from the Latin parv for “small”.
=D. parva (Rose & Davidson, 1923), obs.
=*D. abramsii ssp. parva (Bartel, 1991), current.
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PAUCIFLORA (Rose, 1903) Range: Baja Norte state of Mexico in northern mts. to near Baja Sur state in central part of peninsula. [This species first collected by Brandegee in 1893 and sent to Mr. Rose as a dried specimen and from this he named it a new species in 1903. From this dry plant it appeared to Rose to be few flowered, thus he gave it the Latin name meaning “few flowered”. Studies from later collections of it have proven it is not few flowered, but rules require the name not be changed.] The flowers are of a dull red-orange color, and all the upper part of the inflorescence is same color. This is a free-flowering species of easy culture and is considered to be quite attractive. Reid Moran has studied this species recently, and from this he did a fine article in the CSSA Journ. of Sept. 1988 complete with good photos, see p. 219. Earlier it had been offered by the CSSA as ISI-1195 in the issue of Mar. 1980 on p. 101 (HBG-39183). This is a high altitude Dudleya and Mr. Moran pointed out that it has been seen near the top of the highest peak in all of Baja Calif. The altitude range is from about 5000 ft. to 9000 ft. so this probably makes it the highest habitat for any Dudleya known. It is believed not to be closely related to any other Dudleya, but Moran states this: “It resembles D. abramsii in its clustered small rosettes, though from its inflorescence and flowers it seems closest to D. nubigena”. The plants form dense clusters. Leaf color if called green to farinose with the newer leaves the whitest. The leaves in BW photos # 2-3-4 &5 of the article appear much like those of Dudleyas in subgenus Stylophyllum, but the semi-closed flowers prove this cannot be the case. Flowering time is late summer. Most plants have a diploid chromosome count of n=17, but a few have been found with n=34. See p. 96 in Thomson.
=C. pauciflora (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. pauciflora (Berger, 1930), obs.
=*D. pauciflora (Rose, 1903), current.
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pendeltonia (Thomson, 1993). The data presented below is necessarily taken from Mr. Thomson’s book. Range: SW Calif. USA, near the coast on the Camp Pendelton US Marine base just N of San Diego, in a 2x4 mile range just E of San Onofre Mtn. which is 3 miles from coast. Blooms with white flowers with a green tint in May & June. Said to be easy to grow. For more see p. 196 in Thomson’s book; name refers to the habitat location near Marines Camp Pendelton, near San Diego, Calif. Note: After study by professional botanists this “species” was found to be just one form of a common local species.
=D. pendeltonia (Thomson, 1993), obs.
=*D. lanceolata (Nuttall, 1840; Rose, 1903), current.
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PULVERULENTA (Nuttall, 1840; B&R, 1903) Range: SW Calif, USA and into NW part of Baja Norte state of Mexico in a huge range about 700 miles long by 100 miles inland; the ssp. arizonica has a huge desert range from San Diego east to W. Arizona & even a bit into S. Nevada & south into NW part of Sonora state of mainland Mexico (& even found on one island). The type species is a rather huge Dudleya when grown under ideal conditions, while the ssp. looks like a smaller version of this. These are perennials but often with short lives, much like a biennial plant; rosettes single, unbranching, propagation is by seed only, typical life 3 to 4 years, plants do not offset or cluster and they may die after they flower. Type species and ssp. have chromosome counts of n=17. When growing conditions are good these plants can spread invasively and grow like weeds; seed production is great and they grow well and fast. The name comes from the Latin “pulver-“ (dust), & “lent” (sticky). The most noticeable thing about this plant is that it is covered with a thick, white (farinose) dust that rubs off easily. Plants bloom May to July with a huge, tall inflorescence. Flowering stalks can attain a height of 4 ft. under best conditions, but under poor conditions they can flower as rather small plants. The thickest stem ever seen was 5 inches in diameter! Rosette diameter varies from less than 6 inches to as great as 36 inches! Petals dark red. Of easy culture and can be used in outdoor beds in suitable mild climates. For illustrations see the following: Line drawing p. 533 of Jepson, or photos (all in the CSSA Journ.) of the following dates: p. 4, Jan. 1976; p. 67, Mar. 1988; p. 299, Nov. 1991; p. 76, Mar. 1994, & see: p. 724 in Munz Calif. Flora; p. 530 on Jepson Manual & p. 53 and p. 96 of Thomson. I would recommend that many people should try this species as it is quite attractive, so I hope seed can be made easily available.
=*D. pulverulenta (B&R, 1903), current.
=E. pulverulenta (Nuttall, 1840), obs.
=C. pulverulenta (Baker, 1869), obs.
+ssp. arizonica (Moran, 1943), current.
=D. arizonica (Rose, 1923), obs.
=E. pulverulenta ssp.arizonica (Clokey, 1931), obs.
=E. arizonica (Kearney & Peebles, 1939), obs.
=D. pulverulenta var. arizonica (Welsh, 1987), obs.
=E. lagunensis (Munz, 1932), obs.
=D. lagunensis (Walther, 1932), obs.
+ssp. pulverulenta (B&R, 1903), current. [type-species].
=E. argentea (Lemaire, 1863), obs.
=E. silverado splendens (hort.), obs.
=D. pulverulenta ssp. typica (Moran, 1943), obs.
Dudleya pulverulenta, near Poway, CA, east facing slope (photo Al Waltemyer)
Dudleya pulverulenta, without locality (photos Michael Wisnev)
Dudleya pulverulenta in January (photo Michael Wisnev)
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D. pulverulenta x D. lanceolata, a natural hybrid.
Found in the overlap of the parent species ranges. See p. 210 of Thomson.
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D. pulverulenta x D. viscida, a natural hybrid.
Found in the overlap area of the parent species ranges. See p. 210 of Thomson.
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pumila (Rose, 1903; Nakai, 1987) Range: W cent. Calif, USA; mts. of south coastal ranges from Monterey county to San Gabriel & San Bernardino Mts. at elevations of 600 to 2600 meters. See p. 336 to p. 338 of Madroño of 1987. There is a short description of it on p. 528 of the 1993 Jepson Manual. In the Munz Calif. Flora (1968) is a description. The Latin word “pumil” means dwarf. See Thomson’s book p. 99. Some facts on the plant (from Jepson p. 528, & p. 723 of Munz): Rosettes solitary or few in cluster, leaves rhomb.-obl. to spatulate, 2 to 6 cm long, glaucous; n=17; flowers April to July, orange to salmon red to bright yellow. Grows in dry, rocky places 2000 to 8500 ft. in foothill woodlands to chaparral lands.
=*D. cymosa ssp. pumila (Nakai, 1988), current.
=D. pumila (Rose, 1903), obs.
=C. pumila (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=D. bernardiana (Brittion, 1903), obs.
=C. bernardiana (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. bernardiana (Berger, 1930), obs.
=D. goldmanii (Rose, 1903), obs.
=E. goldmanii (Berger, 1930), obs.
=C. roseana (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. parva (Berger, 1930), obs.
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regalis (Johansen, 1932) On p. 99 of Thomson’s book he gives these data: now RARE, leaves green, flowers white, plants clump to form large groups on Prince Island western-most of the 3 channel islands, about 50 miles SW of Santa Barbara. Name comes from regal referring to a king or royal for the supposed fine appearance of the plant.
=*D. greenei (Rose, 1903), current.
=D. regalis (Johansen, 1932), obs.
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RIGIDA (Rose, 1903) Range: Baja Sur state of Mexico, inland in the higher mts. in 10 x 30 mile range starting 30 miles N of Cabo San Lucas. It grows in the Sierra de la Laguna mtn. range and only on the Pacific sides of the highest peaks of that range at 1450 meters. It flowers late in Mar. through May & flowers are almost closed, pale orange to brick red. It clusters to form medium sized clumps. The leaves are broad and lightly glaucous and quite attractive, pointed at tips. Mr. Rose named this plant rigida (Latin for rigid) without explaining why, and nothing about the plant seems to justify it. It grows in rather inaccessible locations, so it remained largely unknown until Reid Moran decided to go down there to search for it. He did find it and was able to study it fully. He reports that it is a valid species and does not seem closely related to any other. It looks more like an Echeveria than other species, but is unrelated to that genus. When tested the plants proved to be 16-ploid at n=136! This is probably the highest for any known Dudleya. Read the fine article by Mr. Moran on p. 187 of the CSSA Journ. of Sept. 1987 with fine color photos; see also p. 100 of Thomson.
=D. rigida (Rose, 1903), current.
=C. rigida (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. rigida (Berger, 1930), obs.
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RIGIDIFLORA (Rose, 1903) of Baja Calif. Mexico at “Plaza Maria”. Little data available. Field collection number: Anthony 142. Inflorescences 30 to 40 cm tall. This may now be a lost species, but is still in the books.
=C. rigidiflora (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. rigidiflora (Berger, 1930), obs.
=*D. rigidiflora (Rose, 1903), current.
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RUBENS (Brandegee, 1889; B&R, 1903) Range: Baja Sur state of Mexico (Sierra San Francisco & Sierra La Gigantea) from 3 inland spots in mts. in 3 ranges: a 12x32 mile range, another 20x20 mile and the last 6x10 mile. The more northern plants have n=34 and the southern ones n=51: These plants differ greatly. All are high altitude plants (500 to 1200 meters) and form small clusters. Leaves are white (glaucous). “Rubens” in Latin means reddish and must refer to the flowers. Pink flowers April to May. Botanist Kei M. Nakai did the modern field research on this species and he wrote a fine article about it in the CSSA Journal of Mar. 1988 starting on p. 65 with excellent photos. Refer to this article for all details. See also p.100 of Thomson’s book.
=*D. rubens (B&R, 1903), current.
=C. rubens (Brandegee, 1889), obs.
=E. rubens (Berger, 1930), obs.
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D. SAXOSA (Jones, 1898; B&R, 1903) Range: E. Cent. Calif., USA in Panamint Mts. around Death Valley growing on N facing granitic or limestone slopes at 1100 to 2200 meters elevation. The common name given in Jepson is “Panamint Mts. Dudleya”. The Latin “saxosa” refers to rock. These plants becoming uncommon in nature. Leaves pale green, more or less glaucous, narrow, lanceolate. Forms small clusters of rosettes. Chromosome count n=85 with some at n=68 found at the higher elevations. Descriptions in Munz Calif. Flora on p. 724 or in Jepson Manual on p. 530 & in Thomson p.102.
=*D. saxosa (B&R, 1903), current.
=C. saxosa (Jones, 1898), obs.
=E. saxosa (Nelson & Macbride, 1913), obs.
=C. lanceolata var. saxosa (Jepson, 1925), obs.
=E. lanceolata var. saxosa (Jepson, 1936), obs.
+ssp. saxosa (Moran, 1968), current. [the type species; Death Valley, Calif.].
+ssp. aloides (Moran, 1957), current. [eastern San Diego county, Calif. 240 to 1700 m.; flowers April thru June.].
=D. aloides (Rose, 1903), obs.
=C. aloides (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. aloides (Berger, 1930), obs.
=D. lanceolata var. aloides (Munz, 1935), obs.
=D. delicata (Rose, 1904), obs.
=C. delicata (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. delicata (Berger, 1930), obs.
=D. grandiflora (Rose, 1903), obs.
=C. grandiflora (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. grandiflora (Berger, 1930), obs.
=D. lanceolata var. composta (Jepson, 1936), obs.
=D. alainae (Reiser, 1984), obs.
=D. tegelbergii (Thomson, 1993), obs.
+ssp. collomiae (Moran,1957), current. [central Arizona, 600 to 1800 m.].
=D. collomiae (Rose, ex Morton, 1934), obs.
=D. saxosa var. collomiae (Rose, ex Morton, 1934), obs.
=E. collomiae (Kearney & Peebles, 1939), obs.
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x SEMITERES (Subgenus Stylophyllum) (Rose, 1903; Moran, 1950) This is a natural hybrid from the NW part of Baja Calif. and islands nearby. It was published from a specimen collected by the plant collector C. R. Orcutt in 1903, exact location uncertain; but later similar plants were found at several places, yet always rare. It is believed that the parent species are always D. attenuata ssp. orcuttii on one side with either D. brittonii or D. candida on the other in areas where the ranges overlap. Plants are quite variable with those with the D. brittonii parent naturally being the larger. Chromosome counts of all forms of this plant are n=17. The parent on one side is in subgenus Dudleya and on the other is in subgenus Stylophyllum, so this hybrid appears intermediate between these subgenera. Flowers white to yellowish-white, often with a red keel line on petals. The name semiteres refers to the leaf shape being like a pencil split lengthwise. Leaf color may be green or glaucous.
=S. semiteres (Rose pro sp., 1903), obs.
=C. semiteres (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. semiteres (Berger, 1930), obs.
=*D. x semiteres (Moran, 1950), current.
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septentrionalis (Rose, 1903) Range: Northern coast of Calif. to half way up the Oregon coast, always close to the ocean, never inland. The name comes from the Latin septentrion meaning “northern”. It was finally judged to be same as, or no more than a form of D. farinosa, so it was combined into it. The range of D. farinosa adjoins the supposed range of this species and extends on south almost to San Francisco. Paul Thomson decided to revive this name in his 1993 Dudleya book, but this was soon rejected by more scientific botanists. See p. 103 of Thomson & p. 723 in the Munz Calif. Flora.
=D. septentrionalis (Rose, 1903), obs.
=D. septentrionalis (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=C. septentrionalis (Berger, 1930), obs.
=*D. farinosa (B&R, 1903), current.
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SETCHELLII (Jepson, 1901, B&R, 1903) Range (from p. 530 Jepson): W. Cent. Calif., USA, in Coastal mts. at 120 to 300 meters elevation in Santa Clara County & in some nearby counties growing in serpentine soil on grassland SW of San Francisco Bay area, including on Mt. Diablo & S. to Pinnicles. Rosettes single or few in clusters, leaves more or less white glaucous, petals pale yellow, keel not red or purple; n=17. Common name “Santa Clara Valley Dudleya”; becoming RARE. References: P. 723 of Munz Calif. Flora, 1968; p. 530 of Jepson Manual, 1993 & on p. 103 of Thomson. See also tiny line drawing of the inflorescence on p. 533 of Jepson. The plant seems to have been discovered by a Mr. Setchell around 1892 working with Mr. Jepson. It is a small plant with glaucous blue-white leaves, and the flower stems are usually several at once, but these are short. Flowers are pale lemon yellow.
=C. laxa var. setchellii (Jepson, 1901), obs.
=C. setchellii (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. setchellii (Nelson & Macbride, 1913), obs.
=E. laxa var. setchellii (Jepson, 1936), obs.
=D. cymosa ssp. setchellii (Moran, 1957), obs.
=*D. setchellii (B&R, 1903), current.
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x SPROULII (Thomson, 1993) Range: From an unknown site on Santa Catalina island off the coast of S. Calif. USA. Thomson published this even though he admitted he thought it could be a mere hybrid of D. greenei crossed with D. insularis without knowing the exact habitat and without a chromosome count. It is said to resemble a larger form of D. greenei, although D. greenei has not been seen on this island in years. It has cream to pale yellow flowers in May & June. Moderately easy in culture. Named for Fred Sproul, see p. 198 in Thomson. This was formally listed in the 2003 Lexicon volume on Crassulaceae.
=*D. x sproulii (Thomson, 1993), current.
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STOLONIFERA (Moran, 1950). Moran calls this species “close to subgenus Stylophyllum” in Desert Plant Life, p. 68, 1950.) Range: SW Calif. USA from Laguna Beach region in 2 canyons (Aliso & Laguna) and up to 7 or more miles inland in Orange county, growing on canyon walls with the coastal sage scrub at 250 m. This is now a threatened species due to residential development of area. This species clusters by use of long & slender stolons (runners) about 8 inches long, each new rosette rooting to become new plants. Leaves green with purple tinge, not glaucous; bright yellow flowers in May & June. The Latin name comes from stolon (runner) & fera (bearing). Common name suggested: “Laguna Beach Dudleya”. Chromosome count n=17. Descriptions: P. 530 in the Jepson Manual & p. 722 of the Munz Calif. Flora & p. 104 of Thomson.
=*D. stolonifera (Moran, 1950), current.
Dudleya edulis and D. stolonifera at Aliso Creek, CA, USA (photo Michael Wisnev)
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D. stolonifera x D. lanceolata, a natural hybrid.
Found in overlap area of the parent species ranges. See p. 210 in Thomson.
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tegelbergii (Thomson, 1993) This was another of the species nova published by Paul Thomson in his 1993 book on Dudleyas, later found to be just a form of a well known species. Thomson’s data: Range: S. Cent. Calif. USA in a 2 mile range in the Ord Mts. about 22 miles SE of Barstow in the Calif. desert. Rosettes solitary or in small clumps only. Leaves green with blushes of bronze to red-brown, n=17. It is said to be quite attractive and easy. It is susceptible to a fungus. Pale yellow to cream flowers in May & June. It was named to honor a well-known nurseryman of the 1940s & 1950s, Gil Tegelberg, now deceased, who discovered it long ago. His son still grows it in the greenhouse. See p. 199 of Thomson’s book.
=D. tegelbergii (Thomson, 1993), obs.
=*D. saxosa ssp. aloides (Moran, 1957), current.
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temeculana (Thomson, 1993) Species name comes from the town of this name near the habitat. Thomson’s data: Range: From SW Calif. in a tiny 2 mile range at town of Temecula, 70 miles SE of Los Angeles & 30 miles inland from coast. In Thomson’s words it is an odd plant - he thinks it may be allied to genus (now subgen.) Hasseanthus. Leaves green to gray or brownish green. It blooms in May with a variable flower color of yellow-green to bright yellow. Chromosome count not made. Thomson calls this an attractive plant, but difficult. He judges that only about 50 plants remained in 1993, so it is rare and in danger of becoming extinct due to intense development of its habitat. See p. 200 of Thomson. After study professional botanists found this to be no more than a form of a common species of that area.
=D. temeculana (Thomson, 1993), obs.
=*D. lanceolata (Nuttall, 1840; Rose, 1903), current.
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tenuifolia (Thomson, 1993) This is another of the species nova published by Paul Thomson in his 1993 book on Dudleyas. The following data from Thomson: Name from Latin tenui (slender) and folia (leaf). Range: Baja Norte state of Mexico about 73 miles S. of Ensenada on west coast. The actual range is about 13 miles S. of the town of Colonet in a 5x7 mile oval area 3 miles inland. This is a small, attractive plant of easy culture. In an outdoor bed in SW Calif. USA he found it easy & long living, but he never tried it in a pot. Rosettes single or double. Blooms May to early June. The flowers are orange at base to red at tip. Chromosome count ? See p. 201 of Thomson.
=D. tenuifolia (Thomson, 1993), obs.
=*D. ingens (Rose, 1903), current.
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TRASKIAE (Subgenus Stylophyllum) (Rose, 1903; Moran, 1943). Range: SW Calif. USA, found only on Santa Barbara Island, growing on steep slopes at 110 meters altitude. It forms medium size clumps. Leaves are white and short. Blooms in May & June with bright yellow flowers often flecked with red, n=34. Named to honor Mr. B. Trask who discovered it in 1901. Now rare: It was nearly wiped out on its native island by introduced rabbits which were finally eliminated, so it is now slowly returning. It was offered to collectors as ISI-962 in the Mar. 1976 issue of the CSSA Journal on p. 90 (S.B. Botanical Garden #64-113). Descriptions: P. 530 of the Jepson Manual, p. 725 of the Munz Calif. Flora & p. 104 of Thomson.
=*D. traskiae (Moran, 1943), current.
=S. traskiae (Rose, 1903), obs.
=C. traskiae (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. traskiae (Berger, 1930), obs.
Dudleya traskiae, Santa Barbara Botanical Garden, CA, USA (Photo Michael Wisnev)
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VARIEGATA (Watson, 1876; Rose, 1903; Moran, 1953) (Subgenus Hasseanthus) Range: SW Calif. USA to NW Baja Norte state of Mexico. Two ranges: Within the USA the N. range is an 8x30 mile area just inland of San Diego; the S. range is down the coast in Baja from just below Rosarito for 40 miles S. to Ensenada and up to 5 to 8 miles inland. The roots have small, oval corms. The rosettes have 5 to 8 oblanceolate to spatulate blue-green leaves, quite small. The flowers Sedum-like and attractive in May & June in open clusters well above the foliage. Petals open wide and are yellow with some red spots. Chromosome count is n=17. Grows in dry stony places below 500 ft. elevation in coastal sage scrub vegetation and on mesas. Becoming uncommon. Common name “Variegated Dudleya”. Not considered difficult in pots. See the tiny line drawing of just one leaf and one flower in the middle of p. 533 in Jepson. Descriptions: P.726 in Munz Calif. Flora, p. 530 in Jepson Manual & on p. 187 of Thomson. The Latin name (meaning variegated) may refer to the red spots frequently seen in the flowers.
=*D. variegata (Moran, 1953), current.
=Sedum variegatum (Watson, 1876), obs.
=H. variegatus (Rose, 1903), obs.
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VERITYI (Nakai, 1983) Range: W. Cent. Calif. USA in Ventura county, in W. Santa Monica Mts. 4 miles SE of Camarillo on the N. slope of Mt. Conejo in Long Grade Canyon where it grows on volcanic outcroppings at 60 to 120 meters. Forms clusters in age. Leaves glaucous. Blooms in May & June. Flowers pale yellow with greenish midrib in each petal, n=17. Now a RARE and threatened species. Named to honor botanist David Verity. Common name “Verity’s Dudleya”. On p. 334 of the 1987 Madroño journal botanist K. Nakai compares this species to D. agourensis. Descriptions: P. 530 of Jepson Manual and p. 106 in Thomson.
=*D. verityi (Nakai,1983), current.
Dudleya verityi, without locality (photo Michael Wisnev)
Dudleya verityi in January (photos Michael Wisnev)
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D. verityi x D. blochmaniae, a natural hybrid.
Found in the overlap areas of the parent species ranges. See p. 210 in Thomson.
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VIRENS (Subgenus Stylophyllum) (Rose, 1903; Moran, 1943 & 1995). Range (for all forms): Several islands off the coast of SW Calif. USA & some in Baja Calif. Norte state of Mexico. Specifically: In USA, San Pedro Hill (on the Calif. mainland) and San Clemente Is.; in Mexico: Guadelupe Island. All forms are freely clumping plants with leaves shaped round like a pencil and white flowers in large clusters, and each flower opens widely, typical of this subgenus. They are of easy culture and usually fast growing. The Latin word virens means “green” and the first plant described may have had green leaves, but more often the leaves are glaucous white, although green leafed types can be found. Several subspecies are known and most are diploid at n=17, but Catalina Island has a few which are tetraploid at n=34. See p. 530 in Jepson Manual, p. 725 in Munz Calif Flora & p. 106 in Thomson.
Note: 2 types of D. virens have been offered through the ISI in years past. At the time of offering they could not be identified as the currently accepted subspecies, but exact seed collection points were provided at that time. ISI-1846 was from Jim Dice seed #365 from N. slope at 4 km E of lighthouse at Point Vicente, Calif. USA and listed in CSSA Journ. of Mar. 1988, p. 93. ISI-8947 from Jim Dice seed #375 from 1 ¼ miles N. Eel Point on San Clemente Island Calif. plant HBG-50102, listed in CSSA Journ. of Mar. 1989 on p. 59.
=D. virens (Moran, 1943), current.
=S. virens (Rose, 1903), obs.
=C. virens (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. virens (Berger, 1930), obs.
[may = “D. chilensis” of Paul Thomson, see p. 7 in Haseltonia #3].
+ssp. extima (Moran, 1995), current. [of Guadelupe Island of Baja, Mexico on cliffs at 250 to 800 m blooms May & June].
+ssp. hassei (Moran, 1995), current. [of Santa Catalina Island, Calif. USA at 5 to 120 m].
=S. hassei (Rose, 1903), obs.
=C. hassei (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. hassei (Berger, 1930), obs.
=D. hassei (Moran, 1957), obs.
+ssp insularis (Moran, 1995), current. [of Santa Catalina Island, Calif. USA at 5 to 300 m].
=S. insulare (Rose, 1903), obs.
=C. insularis (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=C. viscida var. insularis (Jepson, 1925), obs.
=E. insularis (Berger, 1930), obs.
=E. viscida var. insularis (Jepson, 1936), obs.
=D. insularis (Thomson, 1993), obs.
=D. virens ssp. skinneri (Moran, 1951), obs.
+ssp. virens, (Moran, 1995), current. [type species, of Santa Clemente Island, Calif. USA at 400 m, Flowers May to June].
=S. albidum (Rose, 1903), obs.
=C. albida (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. albida (Berger, 1930), obs.
=D. albida (Thomson, 1993), obs.
=D. matsonii (Thomson, 1993), obs.
Dudleya virens ssp. insularis (photo Michael Wisnev)
Dudleya virens ssp. insularis, Santa Barbara Botanical Garden, CA, USA (Photo Michael Wisnev)
Dudleya virens ssp. virens, Santa Barbara Botanical Garden, CA, USA (Photo Michael Wisnev)
Dudleya virens ssp. virens, D. hassei and D. viscida, Santa Barbara Botanical Garden, CA, USA (Photo Michael Wisnev)
Dudleya virens ssp. hassei, photo Noelene Tomlinson
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viridis (Thomson, 1993) Range: NW Baja Norte state of Mexico, where it grows along the Pacific coast near Ensenada in a range 60 miles long by 10 miles inland. This is the green form of D. brittonii (viridis is from Latin for “green”); flowers pale yellow May to Aug. Rosettes are usually solitary; this makes a huge plant. It may have other minor differences, so Mr. Thomson published it as a full species in his 1993 book on genus Dudleya (p. 202), but professional botanists soon made known that any differences were too insignificant, so this publication does not stand. [It is not unique for green forms of Dudleyas to be included within a species description of normally white leafed species, and yet not be called species (or even subspecies). An example is D. farinosa. In such cases the basic description is just made broad enough to include both leaf colors].
=D. viridis (Thomson, 1993), obs.
=*D. brittonii (Johansen, 1933), current.
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VISCIDA (Subgenus Stylophyllum) (Watson, 1882: Moran, 1943) Range: SW Calif. USA & NW Baja Norte state of Mexico in 3 small ranges, 450 m. One is near the hot springs at San Juan Capistrano mission in Calif. USA, & one is in the canyons near the coast. It prefers the shade of the canyons. The Latin viscida means “viscid or sticky” and refers to the odd coating on the leaves which is also fragrant, giving a common name of “Sticky Dudleya” or “Sticky leafed Liveforever”. Rosette leaves count 15 to 20, linear-deltoid, acute, 6 to 10 cm, dark green, viscid. Flowers in May to July, attractive and rather large and open out flat, 5 (rarely 4) petals white to pink marked red, n=17. Seed sets freely and it can become a “greenhouse weed” via these seed. This is a good plant for growing in outdoor gardens in mild climates. It was once offered as ISI 18-48 in CSSA Journ of Mar., 1989 on p. 59. Descriptions in Munz Calif. Flora on p. 725, in Jepson Manual on p. 530 & on p. 108 in the book of Thomson.
=*D. viscida (Moran, 1943), current.
=C. viscida (Watson 1882), obs.
=S. viscidum (B&R, 1903), obs.
=E. viscida (Berger, 1930), obs.
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viridicata (Johansen, 1933) Range: NW Baja Norte state of Mexico in a 20x30 mile range just below the city of San Vicente on the Pacific coast at Colonet. Leaves mostly green with an attractive sheen, but some are colorful. Forms large clumps in age, n=17. Blooms April through June with pale yellow to white flowers. Said to be very easy in cultivation. The name is from the Latin virid for “green”, and the Greek cata for “downward”.
=D. viridicata (Johansen, 1933), obs.
=*D. ingens (Rose, 1903), current.
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xanti (Rose, 1903) Range: In mountains near tip of Baja Calif, Mexico above Cabo San Lucas. Note: Reid Moran suspected that this “species” was in reality the same as D. nubigena, so he tested them: He grew the two together under exactly same conditions to make a valid comparison, and indeed they turned out to be essentially the same. It was named to honor L. J. Xantus de Vesy. He was a Mexican employed by the US Coast Guard Survey to record tides at Cabo San Lucas from 1859 to 1861, and he liked to collect all kinds of natural history specimens and send them to scientists for study. This Dudleya was one of those specimens. Botanist Asa Gray received a sample and identified it incorrectly as “Echeveria farinosa”, an error later corrected. This plant is described on p. 110 in Thomson; see CSSA Journal of Nov. 1987, p. 235.
=D. xanti (Rose, 1903), obs.
=C. xanti (Fedde, 1904), obs.
=E. xanti (Berger, 1930), obs.
=*D. nubigena ssp. nubigena (Moran, 1953), current.
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(END OF DUDLEYA LISTINGS)
